Pertamina's Allotment Potentially Disbursed

The government has the potential to cancel the assignment to PT Pertamina to take over the oil and gas blocks that will be exhausted if the company is not committed to maintaining production levels in the region.

In addition to the commitment, the government can provide an extension to existing contractors if they are still interested in sticking to the block. The government assigned eight oil and gas working areas to Pertamina. The oil and gas blocks include the Tuban Block (JOB Pertamina-PetroChina East Java), Ogan Komering Block (JOB Pertamina-Talisman), Sanga-Sanga Block (VICO), Southeast Sumatera Block (CNOOC SES Ltd.), Central Block (Total E & P Indonesie ), Attaka (Chevron) Block, East Kalimantan Block (Chevron), and North Sumatra Offshore Block (Pertamina).

oil and gas working areas

Director of Upstream Oil and Gas Upstream Business Development of the Ministry of ESDM Tunggal said that currently it is still reviewing Pertamina's commitment as well as current operators who are still interested in managing the block.

According to him, the government has not yet decided to annul the assignment of eight oil and gas blocks to Pertamina. The government wants to get confirmation from Pertamina and the current contractor to keep oil and gas production on the block does not go down.

"Yes, affirmation. To ensure contractors maintain production, "he said

In January 2017, ESDM Minister Ignatius Jonan has assigned Pertamina to manage eight working areas that will expire its contract with a gross split share contract.

He mentioned that Pertamina and the operator who had expressed an interest to re-run the block of contracts were asked to expose the commitment in order to maintain production.

Oil and gas block operators such as VICO in Sanga-Sanga Block and CNOOC SES Ltd. in the SES Block is also required to explain the details of the program that will be done if it gets a contract extension. On that explanation, according to him, will be evaluated which can maintain the level of oil and gas production.

In addition to the commitment to maintain production, discussion of clauses in the new cooperation contract is also expected to be immediately disconnected. The reason, he said, the transition can not start if the new contract has not been signed.

Upstream Director of Pertamina Syamsu Alam said it had submitted the development plan of the block. Currently, the company is focusing on completing the terms and conditions of the new contract in order to be signed rather than discussing when other operators have the right to manage.

"Right now we are more concerned to start talking about TC [term & condition / terms and conditions] after termination, not yet others.

He mentioned, in general, the discussion of T & C termination work area should be completed so that the work program and budget next year will be completed.

IN INDONESIA

Jatah Pertamina Berpotensi Dianulir

Pemerintah berpotensi membatalkan penugasan kepada PT Pertamina untuk mengambil alih blok minyak dan gas bumi yang akan habis kontrak jika perseroan tidak berkomitmen dalam menjaga tingkat produksi di wilayah itu.

Selain soal komitmen, pemerintah bisa memberikan perpanjangan kepada kontraktor yang ada saat ini jika masih berminat bertahan di blok itu. Pemerintah menugaskan delapan wilayah kerja migas kepada Pertamina. Blok migas itu antara lain Blok Tuban (JOB Pertamina-PetroChina East Java), Blok Ogan Komering (JOB Pertamina-Talisman), Blok Sanga-Sanga (VICO), Blok Southeast Sumatera (CNOOC SES Ltd.), Blok Tengah (Total E&P Indonesie), Blok Attaka (Chevron), Blok East Kalimantan (Chevron), dan Blok North Sumatera Offshore (Pertamina).

Direktur Pembinaan Usaha Hulu Minyak dan Gas Bumi Kementerian ESDM Tunggal mengatakan bahwa saat ini pihaknya masih mengkaji komitmen Pertamina juga operator saat ini yang ternyata masih berminat mengelola blok tersebut.

Menurutnya, pemerintah belum mengambil keputusan untuk menganulir penugasan delapan blok migas itu kepada Pertamina. Pemerintah ingin mendapatkan penegasan dari Pertamina dan kontraktor saat ini untuk menjaga produksi migas di blok itu tidak turun.

“Ya, penegasan saja. Untuk meyakinkan kontraktor mempertahankan produksi,” ujarnya 

Pada Januari 2017, Menteri ESDM Ignasius Jonan telah menugaskan Pertamina untuk mengelola delapan wilayah kerja yang akan habis masa kontraknya dengan kontrak bagi hasil kotor atau gross split.

Dia menyebut bahwa Pertamina dan operator yang pernah menyatakan minat untuk kembali mengelola blok habis kontrak itu diminta untuk memaparkan komitmen agar bisa mempertahankan produksi.

Operator blok migas seperti VICO di Blok Sanga-Sanga dan CNOOC SES Ltd. di Blok SES juga diminta untuk menjelaskan detail program yang akan dilakukan bila mendapatkan perpanjangan kontrak. Atas penjelasan itu, menurutnya, akan dievaluasi mana yang bisa mempertahankan tingkat produksi migas.

Selain komitmen menjaga produksi, pembahasan tentang klausul dalam kontrak kerja sama baru juga diharapkan bisa segera DIputuskan. Pasalnya, dia menyebut, masa transisi tidak bisa dimulai bila kontrak baru belum diteken. 

Direktur Hulu Pertamina Syamsu Alam mengatakan, pihaknya telah menyampaikan rencana pengembangan blok itu. Saat ini, perseroan fokus menyelesaikan syarat dan ketentuan pada kontrak baru agar dapat ditandatangani daripada membahas bila terdapat operator lain yang mendapat hak kelola.

“Sekarang ini kita lebih concern untuk mulai membicarakan TC [term & condition/syarat dan ketentuan] pasca terminasi, belum yang lain lain.

Dia menyebut, secara umum, pembahasan T&C wilayah kerja terminasi harus segera diselesaikan agar program kerja dan anggaran tahun depan turut dituntaskan.

Bisnis Indonesia, Page-30, Wednesday, October 25, 2017

Qatar to invest in RI tourism, LNG

The Gulf state of Qatar has expressed a commitment to invest in tourism in Mandalika, West Nusa Tenggara (NTT), and natural gas power plants, following the official visit of Qatar’s Emir Sheikh Tamim bin Hamad al-Thani.

Coordinating Maritime Affairs Minister Luhut Binsar Pandjaitan said the government would prepare several project proposals related to the plan, including the Mandalika special economic zone (SEZ) in which the Qatari government wants to invest in halal tourism.

“We will hold a meeting this week and send some proposals to the Qatari government,” be said after an internal meeting with President Joko “Jokowi” Widodo at the State Palace in Jakarta on Monday.

During the visit of Sheikh Tamim last week, President Jokowi showed pictures of Mandalika to the emir. Sheikh Tamim who is a keen scuba diver responded to Jokowi by expressing his interest in investing in the tourist destination.

Mandalika SEZ covers a 1,175-hectare area and is managed by the state-ovvned Indonesia Tourism Development Corporation (ITDC), which also manages Nusa Dua tourism in Bali. The land-clearing process was finally completed in April, after a presidential instruction (inpres) for land clearing was issued, ending a 29-year hiatus.

Currently, ITDC has scored Rp 13.1 trillion (US$960.54 million) in investment commitments from eight investors. As of October, out of Rp 13.1 trillion, the realized investment reached Rp 4.1 trillion.

The government plans the SEZ to have 10,000 hotel rooms, 2,000 of which will be available in 2019. In 2020, the SEZ is projected to absorb 58,000 employees. The eight investors are Vinci Development Cluster with Ptp 6.7 trillion of investment, Shaza hotel with a Rp 2 trillion investment, Club Med Hotel with Rp 1.1 trillion, Paramount Hotel with Rp 1 trillion, Lot H7 hotel with Rp 900 billion, Pullman Hotel with Rp 650 billion, X2 hotel Rp 300 billion, and Royal Tulip Hotel at Rp 250 billion Luhut said the government was extending Lombok International Airport’s runway to allow bigger planes to land on Mandalika. 

“We will build a longer runway. Now it is 2,600 meters long, and we will build it to 3,000 meters so Airbus A3805 can land there,” he said. Other than investment in tourism, he added, Qatar had agreed to supply liquefied natural gas (LNG) at $7.16 per million British thermal units (MMBTU) for Qatar-supported gas power plant projects in Indonesia.

Energy and Mineral Resources Minister Ignasius Jonan said the LNG would supply the Sumbagut 3 and 4 power plants. The gas based power plants were a joint venture project between PT Pembangkitan Jawa Bali (PJB) the subsidiary of state-owned electricity firm PLN - and Qatar’s state-owned firm Nebras Power.

“During the official visit of the Qatari Emir, PJB and Nebras signed the heads of agreement. More details about the projects will follow,” he said. 

In Sumbagut 3 and 4 - set to have a total output of 500 megawatts, Nebras Power is injecting $1 billion comprising $ 800 million for the power stationand $200 million for a floating storage and regasification unit (FSRU). The power plants will start operation in 2019.

“We’ll allow Qatar to supply the gas for the power plants as long as the price, including the cost of bringing the gas to the plant gate, is 14 percent lower than the ICP [lndonesian Crude Price,” Jonan said.

The President, he continued, had allowed gas imports as long as the price was lower than the ICP to support the local industry. However, if the imported gas could not meet the price criteria, the industry should choose the locally supplied gas instead.

Jakarta Post, Page-13, Tuesday, October 24, 2017

Dumai Refinery Crude Oil Supply Secured

PT Pertamina ensures the supply of crude oil for Pertamina Refinery Unit II Dumai is still safe although it can not be ascertained when the unit repair is implemented. After the construction of a new tank, the Dumai Refinery is now getting oil from the Cepu Block-up to 72 thousand barrels per day (bpd).

General Manager of Pertamina Refinery Unit II Refinery Dumai Otto Gerentaka said initially, the supply of crude oil to the Dumai Refinery only relies on the supply from oil and gas fields managed by PT Chevron Pacific Indonesia (CPI).

Specifically, oil supplies from Minas Field up to 85% and Duri Field 15%. However, oil production from these two fields continues to fall. However, the company has made the supply of crude oil to Dumai Refinery to be open acces by adding storage tanks. Previously, crude oil into the refinery only rely on pipelines only.

"Therefore, it is open access so we can receive many from Pertamina itself, one of them is Banyu Urip oil," he said during a visit to Pertamina Refinery Unit II Production of Pakning River, last weekend.

Now, oil supplies from Chevron's oil and gas fields are reduced to 50% of the total capacity of 175,000 bpd. While the rest, Dumai Refinery got Banyu Urip Crude Oil (BUCO) from Banyu Urip Field, Cepu Block managed by Pertamina with ExxonMobil Cepu Limited.

"Maximum we can process 50% Banyu Urip oil and 50% SLC (Sumatra Light Crude) from Chevron field," he said.

For products produced by Dumai Refinery, it is still dominated by diesel, reaching 80%. This is because according to the initial design, this refinery serves as a hydrocracker with solar products. Meanwhile, to produce gasoline such as Premium or Pertamax, the refinery needs to be equipped with residual fluid catalytic cracking unit (RFCC).

"In the future, will be developed (RFCC) here, developed lastly with RDMP (refinery development program), maybe in 2021-2022 will be installed RFCC," explained Otto.

Pertamina Refinery Unit II Dumai refinery consists of two production units, namely Dumai Production Unit with a capacity of 120 thousand bpd and Pakning River 50 thousand bpd. Like the Dumai Unit, "Pakning River Unit also gets the supply of crude oil from Cepu Block. Specifically, the type of oil treated in this unit is SLC 50%, BUCO 40%, and 10%.

Crude oil processing at the Pakning River Refinery only reaches the primary process because it only has a crude dis-trellation unit. The resulting product is dominated by residuals of 18 thousand bpd, then diesel 6,300 bp, kerosene 3,300 bph, and naphta 2,100 bph.

"This Pakning River Unit will be able to produce solar and other products later, the bottomnya [residue] will be brought to Dumai Unit to be processed there," Otto said.

Nationally, Pertamina manages six refineries with a capacity of 1.12 million bpd, including the Dumai Refinery. In addition to Dumai, other units are Plaju Refinery, Sumsel 118 thousand bpd, Cilacap, Central Java 348 thousand bpd, Balikpapan, East Kalimantan 260 thousand bpd, Balongan, West Java 125 thousand bpd, and Kasim, West Papua 10 thousand bpd.

IN INDONESIA

Pasokan Minyak Mentah Kilang  Dumai Dipastikan Aman

PT Pertamina memastikan pasokan minyak mentah untuk Kilang Pertamina Refinery Unit II Dumai masih aman meski belum dapat dipastikan kapan perbaikan unit dilaksanakan. Pasca dibangunnya tangki baru, Kilang Dumai kini mendapat minyak dari Blok Cepu-hingga 72 ribu barel per hari (bph).

General Manager Kilang Pertamina Refinery Unit II Dumai Otto Gerentaka mengatakan, awalnya, pasokan minyak mentah untuk Kilang Dumai hanya mengandalkan pasokan dari lapangan migas yang dikelola oleh PT Chevron Pacific Indonesia (CPI). 

Rincinya, pasokan minyak dari Lapangan Minas hingga 85% dan Lapangan Duri 15%. Namun, produksi minyak dari dua lapangan ini terus turun. Meski demikian, perseroan telah membuat pasokan minyak mentah ke Kilang Dumai menjadi open acces dengan menambah tangki penyimpanan. Sebelumnya, minyak mentah masuk ke kilang hanya mengandalkan jalur pipa saja. 

“Makanya dibuat open access, sehingga kami bisa banyak terima dari Pertamina sendiri, salah satunya minyak Banyu Urip,” kata dia dalam kunjungan ke Kilang Pertamina Refinery Unit II Production Sungai Pakning, akhir pekan lalu.

Kini, pasokan minyak dari lapangan-lapangan migas milik Chevron berkurang menjadi 50% saja dari total kapasitas 175 ribu bph. Sementara sisanya, Kilang Dumai mendapat minyak jenis Banyu Urip Crude Oil (BUCO) dari Lapangan Banyu Urip, Blok Cepu yang dikelola Pertamina bersama ExxonMobil Cepu Limited.

“Maksimum kami bisa mengolah 50% minyak Banyu Urip dan 50% SLC (Sumatra Light Crude) dari lapangan Chevron,” ujarnya.

Untuk produk yang dihasilkan Kilang Dumai, masih didominasi oleh solar yakni mencapai 80%. Hal ini lantaran sesuai desain awal, kilang ini berfungsi sebagai hidrocracker dengan produk berupa solar. Sementara untuk memproduksi bensin seperti Premium atau Pertamax, kilang perlu dilengkapi unit residual fluid catalytic cracking (RFCC).

“Ke depan, akan dikembangkan (RFCC) di sini, dikembangkan terakhir dengan RDMP (refinery development program), mungkin pada 2021-2022 akan dipasang RFCC,” jelas Otto.

Kilang Pertamina Refinery Unit II Dumai terdiri dari dua unit produksi, yaitu Unit Produksi Dumai berkapasitas 120 ribu bph dan Sungai Pakning 50 ribu bph. Sama seperti Unit Dumai,” Unit Sungai Pakning juga mendapat pasokan minyak mentah dari Blok Cepu. Rincinya, jenis minyak yang diolah di unit ini adalah SLC 50%, BUCO 40%, dan 10%.

Pengolahan minyak mentah di Kilang Sungai Pakning hanya sampai pada primary process lantaran hanya memiliki unit pemisahan minyak mentah (crude disstilation unit). Produk yang dihasilkan didominasi oleh residu sebesar 18 ribu bph, kemudian solar 6.300 bph, minyak tanah 3.300 bph, Serta naphta 2.100 bph.

“Unit Sungai Pakning ini nanti bisa menghasilkan produk solar dan lainnya, nanti bottomnya [residu] dibawa ke Unit Dumai untuk diolah di sana,” kata Otto.

Secara nasional, Pertamina mengelola enam kilang dengan kapasitas 1,12 juta bph, termasuk Kilang Dumai. Selain Dumai, unit lainnya yakni Kilang Plaju, Sumsel 118 ribu bph, Cilacap, Jateng 348 ribu bph, Balikpapan, Kaltim 260 ribu bph, Balongan, Jabar 125 ribu bph, dan Kasim, Papua Barat 10 ribu bph.

Investor Daily, Page-9, Tuesday, October 24, 2017

Nebras Power Works on Electricity and Gas Projects US $ 1 Billion

The power company from Qatar, Nebras Power, will work on a steam gas power plant (PLTGU) project and a floating storage regasification unit (FSRU) in North Sumatra worth US $ 1 billion. Nebras Power will work with PT Pembangkitan Jawa Bali (PJB), a subsidiary of PT PLN.

Deputy Minister of Energy and Mineral Resources (ESDM) Arcandra Tahar said on Thursday (19/10) Nebras Power and PT PJB have signed an agreement on the construction of PLTGU and FSRU with a total investment of US $ 1 billion. A total of US $ 800 million will be invested to build PLTGU and the remaining US $ 200 million to build FSRU.

"Qatar is the powerhouse, Nebras also from Qatar will invest US $ 800 million plus US $ 200 million," he said after attending the presentation of Jokowi-JK Three-Year Performance in Jakarta, Monday (23/10).

He said it would not restrict the origin of gas supplies to the plant. Although, pursuant to Regulation of the Minister of Energy and Mineral Resources No. 45 of 2017, the supply of liquefied natural gas (LNG) should be prioritized domestically.

Not only about gas sources, this regulation also regulates the LNG price. This rule sets the company to import LNG if its price can be below 14.5% Indonesian Crude Price (ICP).

"[Gas price] Pak Luhut (Minister of Marine Affairs Coordinator Luhut Binsar Panjaitan) has said 14% ICP" said Arcandra.

Previously, Director of Procurement Strategic Procurement 1 PLN Nicke Widyawati said, PLN will build FSRU in Belawan, North Sumatra. The plan, this FSRU will supply gas for PLTGU Sumbagut 3 and 4 which will be built company in the region. In addition to these two plants, there is a Belawan PLTGU already operating which is potentially supplied by this facility.

"So we see whether it will supply it (Sumbagut 3 and 4) or whole. We see which is the most optimal lower BPP (production cost of electricity), "he said.

If realized, this project will be the second integrated power plant project and FSRU in Indonesia. Previously, PLN has appointed Consortium of PT Pertamina, Marubeni Corporation, and Sojitz Corporation to work on similar projects, namely PLTGU Java-1. 

     The project consists of PLTGU 1,760 MW and FSRU 400 million cubic feet per day (million standard cubic feet per day / mmscfd). The value of this project reached US $ 1.8 billion.

IN INDONESIA

Nebras Power Garap Proyek Listrik dan Gas US$ 1 Miliar

Perusahaan listrik asal Qatar, Nebras Power, bakal menggarap proyek pembangkit listrik tenaga gas uap (PLTGU) dan fasilitas penyimpanan dan regasifikasi terapung (floating storage regasification unit/FSRU) di Sumatera Utara senilai US$ 1 miliar. Nebras Power bakal bekerJa sama dengan PT Pembangkitan Jawa Bali (PJB), anak usaha PT PLN.

Wakil Menteri Energi dan Sumber Daya Mineral (ESDM) Arcandra Tahar mengatakan, Kamis (19/10) lalu, Nebras Power dengan PT PJB telah meneken kesepakatan pembangunan PLTGU dan FSRU dengan total investasi sebesar US$ 1 miliar. Sebanyak US$ 800 juta akan diinvestasikan untuk membangun PLTGU dan sisanya US$ 200 juta untuk membangun FSRU.

“Qatar kan pembangkit, Nebras juga dari Qatar itu akan investasi US$ 800 juta plus US$ 200 juta,” kata dia usai menghadiri paparan Kinerja Tiga Tahun Jokowi-JK di Jakarta, Senin (23/ 10).

Dikatakannya, pihaknya tidak akan membatasi asal pasokan gas untuk pembangkit ini. Walaupun, sesuai Peraturan Menteri ESDM No 45 Tahun 2017, pasokan gas alam cair (liquefied natural gas/LNG) harus mengutamakan dalam negeri.

Tidak hanya soal sumber gas, regulasi ini juga mengatur soal harga LNG. Aturan ini menetapkan perusahaan dapat mengimpor LNG jika harganya bisa di bawah 14,5% harga minyak mentah Indonesia (Indonesia Crude Price/ ICP).

“[Harga gasnya] Pak Luhut (Menteri Koordiator Kemaritiman Luhut Binsar Panjaitan) sudah bilang 14% ICP” tutur Arcandra.

Sebelumnya, Direktur Pengadaan Pengadaan Strategis 1 PLN Nicke Widyawati mengatakan, PLN bakal membangun FSRU di Belawan, Sumatera Utara. Rencananya, FSRU ini bakal memasok kebutuhan gas untuk PLTGU Sumbagut 3 dan 4 yang akan dibangun perseroan di wilayah tersebut. Selain dua pembangkit ini, terdapat PLTGU Belawan yang sudah beroperasi yang berpotensi dipasok oleh fasilitas ini.

“Jadi kami melihat apakah akan supply itu (Sumbagut 3 dan 4) atau keseluruhan. Kami lihat mana yang paling optimal menurunkan BPP (biaya pokok produksi) listrik,” ujar dia.

Jika terealisasi, proyek ini bakal menjadi proyek terintegrasi pembangkit listrik dan FSRU yang kedua di Indonesia. Sebelumnya, PLN telah menunjuk Konsorsium PT Pertamina, Marubeni Corporation, dan Sojitz Corporation untuk menggarap proyek sejenis, yakni PLTGU Jawa-1. 

     Proyek ini terdiri dari PLTGU 1,760 MW dan FSRU 400 juta kaki kubik per hari (million standard cubic feet per day/mmscfd). Nilai proyek ini mencapai US$ 1,8 miliar.

Investor Daily, Page-9, Tuesday, October 24, 2017

Nebras Guarantees Gas Supply

Nebrcas Power, Qatar's state-owned power company, is potentially rubbing liquefied natural gas to Indonesia as one of the company's agreements to build a steam power plant in the country worth US $ 1 billion.

Nebras Power and PT Pembangkitan Jawa-Bali have signed a preliminary agreement to construct an 800 MW (800 MW) steam power plant (PLTGU) integrated with storage and regasification facilities at North Sumatra.

ESDM Minister Ignatius Jonan said that Indonesia opens opportunities for Qatar to supply LNG at competitive prices. According to him, the import license becomes one of the cooperation agreement clauses between PLN and Nebras Power

"Under the agreement, the government allows Qatar to supply LNG to PLTGU," Jonan said, Monday (23/10).

Jonan added, there are two main terms of LNG import from Qatar. First, the maximum price of imported LNG is only 14.5% of the ICP Second, the price should not be the same or more expensive than the local LNG price.

President Joko Widodo allowed the power plant to take gas supplies from abroad as long as it could be cheaper. This is done in order to encourage domestic industry more competitive.

Jonan said that the project did not discuss until the details because the preliminary agreement has just been agreed on Thursday (19/10). EMR Deputy Minister of Energy and Mineral Resources Arcandra Tahar said that Nebras Power had signed an agreement with PJB.

to build a PLTGU and regasification facility (floating storage regasification unit / FSRU) with a total investment of US $ 1 billion. The subsidiary of PT Perusahaan Listrik Negara together with Nebras Power will build PLTGU worth US $ 800 million while US $ 200 million to build storage and regasification facilities.

"Qatar is a powerhouse, Nebras is also from Qatar. PLTGU investment of US $ 800 million plus US $ 200 million, "he said after attending exposure to Jokowi-JK's 3 Year Performance at the Office of President Staff, Monday (23/10).

According to him, the current supply of liquefied natural gas / LNG still prioritizes the supply from within the country as stipulated in the Minister of Energy and Mineral Resources Regulation no. 45/2017 on Gas Utilization for Power Plant.

Based on the beleid, electric developers can import LNG with a maximum price requirement of 14.5% of Indonesian crude price (ICP). Meanwhile, the agreement states that LNG price from Qatar is 14% of ICP This means that LNG from Qatar has met the requirements of gas imports.

"The probability of importing LNG from Qatar is open, can be domestic, can be from Qatar" said Arcandra.

Early in the year Nebras Power also agreed to purchase 40.5% of Engie's stake in the 2,000 MW Paiton power plant Paola Vezzano, Head of HR, Communications and CSR Engie Asia Pacific, previously said Engie had sold 40.5% stake in Paiton Power Plant to Nebras Power QSC (Nebras) and a combination of several other shareholders in Paiton. The stock release agreement was made in early January 2017 although both corporations have agreed since early 2016.

Meanwhile, PLN's Strategic Procurement Director Supangkat Iwan Santoso said that the PLTGU will be built in North Sumatra with a capacity of 800 megawatts. According to him, PLN is preparing a power purchase agreement targeted to be agreed at the beginning of 2018.

Beginning next year, maybe we have PPA [power purchase agreement]. Target of commercial operation 3 years after PPA, that is in 2021, "he said

PLN is still calculating the gas requirement for the plant. Supangkat also has not been able to project the source of gas supply used to supply the plant.

In the Business Plan for the Provision of Power List (RUPTL) 2017-2026, Indonesia will increase the capacity of PLTG or PLTMG of 5,600 MW to make the installed capacity of PLTG to 20,741 MW by 2026 The capacity increase will be accompanied by the addition of gas allocation from 606 trillion British thermal unit (TBUU) in 2017 to 1,194 TBTU in 2026.

IN INDONESIA

Nebras Jamin Suplai Gas

Nebrcas Power, BUMN listrik milik Qatar, berpotensi memosok gas alam cair ke Indonesia sebagai salah satu kesepakatan perusahan itu ddalam membangun pembangkit listrik tenaga gas uap di Tanah Air senilai US$1 miliar.

Nebras Power dan PT Pembangkitan Jawa-Bali telah menandatangani kesepakatan awal untuk membangun pembangkit listrik tenaga gas uap (PLTGU) berkapasitas 800 megawatt (MW) yang terintegrasi dengan fasilitas penyimpanan dan regasifikasi di Sumatra Utara.

Menteri ESDM Ignasius Jonan mengatakan bahwa Indonesia membuka peluang kepada Qatar untuk memasok LNG dengan harga yang kompetitif. Menurutnya, izin impor itu menjadi salah satu klausul perjanjian kerja sama antara PLN dengan Nebras Power

“Dalam perjanjian itu, pemerintah mengizinkan Qatar memasok LNG untuk PLTGU,” kata Jonan, Senin (23/10).

Jonan menambahkan, ada dua syarat utama impor LNG dari Qatar. Pertama, harga maksimum LNG impor tersebut hanya 14,5% dari ICP Kedua, harga tersebut tidak boleh sama atau lebih mahal dibandingkan dengan harga LNG lokal.

Presiden Joko Widodo memperbolehkan pembangkit listrik mengambil pasokan gas dari luar negeri asalkan bisa lebih murah. Hal tersebut dilakukan agar bisa mendorong industri dalam negeri lebih kompetitif.

Jonan menuturkan bahwa proyek tersebut memang belum membahas hingga detail karena perjanjian pendahuluan baru saja disepakati Kamis (19/10). Wakil Menteri ESDM Arcandra Tahar mengatakan bahwa Nebras Power telah menandatangani kesepakatan dengan PJB.

untuk membangun PLTGU dan fasilitas regasifikasi (floating storage regasification unit/FSRU) dengan total investasi US$ 1 miliar. Anak perusahaan PT Perusahaan Listrik Negara bersama dengan Nebras Power akan membangun PLTGU senilai US$ 800 juta, sedangkan US$ 200 juta untuk membangun fasilitas penyimpanan dan regasifikasi.

“Qatar kan pembangkit, Nebras kan dari Qatar itu. Investasi PLTGU US$ 800 juta plus US$ 200 juta,” ujarnya usai menghadiri paparan Kinerja 3 Tahun Jokowi-JK di Kantor Staf Presiden, Senin (23/10). 

Menurutnya, saat ini pasokan gas alam cair/LNG masih mengutamakan pasokan dari dalam negeri seperti diatur dalam Peraturan Menteri ESDM No. 45/2017 tentang Pemanfaatan Gas untuk Pembangkit Listrik.

Berdasarkan beleid tersebut, pengembang listrik bisa mengimpor LNG dengan persyaratan harga maksimal 14,5% dari harga minyak mentah Indonesia (Indonesian crude price/ ICP). Sementara itu, kesepakatan tersebut menyatakan bahwa harga LNG dari Qatar sebesar 14% dari ICP Artinya, LNG dari Qatar itu sudah memenuhi persyaratan impor gas. 

“ Kemungkingan impor LNG dari Qatar terbuka, bisa dalam negeri, bisa dari Qatar” kata Arcandra.

Pada awal tahun Nebras Power juga menyepakati pembelian 40,5 % saham Engie di PLTU Paiton berkapasitas 2.000 MW Paola Vezzano, Head of HR, Communications and CSR Engie Asia Pacific, sebelumnya mengatakan bahwa Engie telah menjual 40,5 % saham di PLTU Paiton kepada Nebras Power Q.S.C (Nebras) dan kombinasi dari beberapa pemegang saham lainnya di Paiton. Kesepakatan pelepasan saham itu dilakukan pada awal Januari 2017 kendati kedua korporasi itu telah menyepakati sejak awal 2016.

Sementara itu, Direktur Pengadaan Strategis PLN Supangkat Iwan Santoso mengatakan bahwa PLTGU tersebut akan dibangun di Sumatra Utara dengan kapasitas 800 megawatt. Menurutnya, PLN sedang menyiapkan Perjanjian Jual beli listrik yang ditargetkan bisa disepakati pada awal 2018.

Awal tahun depan, mungkin kita sudah PPA [perjanjian jual beli listrik]. Target operasi komersial 3 tahun setelah PPA, yaitu pada 2021," katanya 

PLN masih menghitung kebutuhan gas untuk pembangkit tersebut. Supangkat juga belum dapat memproyeksikan sumber pasokan gas yang dipakai untuk menyuplai pembangkit tersebut.

Di dalam Rencana Usaha Penyediaan Tenaga Listlik (RUPTL) 2017-2026, Indonesia akan mengalami penambahan kapasitas PLTG atau PLTMG sebesar 5.600 MW sehingga membuat kapasitas terpasang PLTG menjadi 20.741 MW pada 2026  Kenaikan kapasitas itu akan disertai dengan penambahan alokasi gas dari 606 triliun British thermal unit (TBtu) pada 2017 menjadi 1.194 TBTU pada 2026. 

Bisnis Indonesia, Page-30, Tuesday, October 24, 2017

Difficult Gas Price Down Under US $ 4

Gas prices at consumer level It is difficult to fall below US $ 4 per MMBtu because gas field conditions in Indonesia are now mostly located in eastern Indonesia which has difficult challenges.

Some of the gas field challenges are remote and isolated locations and are located in the deep sea. The upstream gas price for the industrial sector is admittedly difficult to fall below US $ 6 per million British thermal unit (MMBtU) in the hands of the end consumer.

Director of Oil and Gas Program Development of the Ministry of Energy and Mineral Resources Budiyantono said that it has made efforts to reduce gas prices for the industry.

After the government issued Government Regulation No. 40/2016 on Gas Price Determination for Certain Industries, the Minister of Energy and Mineral Resources issued a regulation on three industries that enjoyed cheaper gas prices. 

     In addition, the ESDM Ministry has reduced the price of gas in North Sumatra by replacing the supply and liquefied natural gas (LNG) to gas from nearby fields. The industrial sector expects the gas price to be around US $ 4 per MMBtu.

He considered that the government is difficult to realize gas price in consumer US $ 3-US $ 4 per MMBtu. Therefore, the price of gas depends on the conditions in the field, such as the factor of exploration to production.

"Colleagues from the industry are asking for a price drop that is unlikely," he said in Techtalk : discussion of the National Oil and Gas Industry, Fuel or Raw Materials on Monday (23/10).

According to him, the development of oil and gas field is relatively in a difficult area. For example, the eastern region of Indonesia, in deep and remote seas, is costly because it is more risky than existing projects.

He explained that several gas field projects such as Kasuri Block in Bintuni Bay, Papua, are also Masela Block in Arafuru Sea, Maluku It is difficult to give gas price of US $ 4 per MMBtu.

"So the cost of looking for that gas, already in the deep sea, is remote, high risk, where is it possible [gas price US $ 4 per MMBtu in consumer]?"

IN INDONESIA

Harga Gas Sulit Turun di Bawah US$ 4

Harga gas di tingkat konsumen Sulit turun hingga di bawah US$ 4 per MMBtu karena kondisi lapangan gas di Indonesia saat ini sebagian besar berada di Wilayah timur Indonesia yang memiliki tantangan sulit.

Beberapa tantangan lapangan gas itu antara lain lokasi yang jauh dan terpencil serta berada di laut dalam. Harga gas hulu bagi sektor industri diakui memang sulit turun di bawah US$ 6 per juta British thermal unit (MMBtU) di tangan konsumen akhir.

Direkrur Pembinaan Program Minyak dan Gas Bumi Kementerian ESDM Budiyantono mengatakan bahwa pihaknya telah melakukan upaya untuk menurunkan harga gas bagi industri.

Setelah pemerintah menerbitkan Peraturan Pemerintah Nomor 40/2016 tentang Penetapan Harga Gas bagi Industri Tertentu, kemudian terbit Peraturan Menteri ESDM yang mengatur tentang tiga industri yang menikmati harga gas lebih murah. 

      Selain itu, Kementerian ESDM telah menurunkan harga gas di Sumatra Utara dengan cara mengganti pasokan dan gas alam cair (liquefied natural gas/LNG) menjadi gas dari lapangan terdekat. Sektor industri berharap agar harga gas sekitar US$ 4 per MMBtu.

Dia menilai bahwa pemerintah sulit untuk merealisasikan harga gas di konsumen US$ 3-US$ 4 per MMBtu. Sebab, harga gas sangat tergantung dengan kondisi di lapangan, seperti faktor masa eksplorasi hingga produksi.

“Rekan-rekan dari industri minta turun harga yang kondisinya tidak mungkin,” ujarnya dalam diskusi Techtalk : Industri Migas Nasional, Bahan Bakar atau Bahan Baku, Senin (23/10).

Menurutnya, pengembangan Iapangan migas saat ini relatif berada di wilayah yang sulit. Misalnya, wilayah timur Indonesia, di laut dalam dan daerah terpencil sehingga membutuhkan biaya besar karena lebih beresiko daripada proyek-proyek yang sudah ada.

Dia menjelaskan, beberapa proyek lapangan gas seperti Blok Kasuri yang berada di Teluk Bintuni, Papua, juga Blok Masela di Laut Arafuru, Maluku Sulit untuk memberikan harga gas US$ 4 per MMBtu.

“Jadi cost untuk mencari gas itu, sudah di laut dalam, sudah remote, high risk, mana mungkin [harga gas US$ 4 per MMBtu di konsumen]?”

Bisnis Indonesia, Page-30, Tuesday, October 24, 2017

Cilacap Project Wait Financial Close Done

Financial close is targeted to be finished November 20, Pertamina Workers Union reject inbreng assets

The oil refinery project in Cilacap in collaboration with Saudi Aramco is still at a dead end. One of the stigma related financial closing project worth US $ 6 billion. In fact, referring to the agreement forming a joint venture between Pertamina and Saudi Aramco was signed since December 22, 2016 "then.

In fact, the Cilacap Refinery Development Master Plan project (RDMP) is actually a measure to modernize the Cilacap refinery to increase production from initially 358,000 bpd to 400,000 bpd.

Deputy of Energy, Logistics, Regions and Tourism Enterprises Ministry of State Owned Enterprises (BUMN), Edwin Hidayat Abdullah stated, the preparation process of construction of refinery development is still in accordance with the schedule and agreement. The settlement of financial problems that had surfaced must be completed no later than 20 November.

"All the issues discussed by the negotiations on November 20 have to be completed, it is a mutual agreement," said Edwin who is also Pertamina Commissioner.

President of the United Pertamina Workers Union Federation (FSPPB), Noviandli said, so far, FSSB has no objection to the formation of a joint venture between Pertamina and Saudi Aramco. Only FSPPB does not agree with project finance that mentions the existence of inbreng Pertamina assets to the joint venture company.

"Because it will harm Pertamina, RDMP assets to be excluded from Pertamina assets which will become JV assets," he said.

Therefore, he asked Pertamina directors to evaluate the cooperation first. Ardhy Mokobombang, Director of Pertamina's Megaproject and Petrochemicals, said that the joint venture between Pertamina and Saudi Aramco will continue. Even in the near future Pertamina and Saudi Aramco will soon sign the Joint Venture Development Agreement (JV DA) Amendment.

"This is for the preparation of Engineering Package or Front End Engineering Design (FEED) which we plan to start at the beginning of next year," he said.

Ardhy further explained while doing various preparations Pertamina construction is also still doing land acquisition.

"The land acquisition is on going, it is expected that the end of the year will be finished," he said.

However, it can not guarantee the commencement of refinery construction to reach the refinery's completion target by 2021.

"We finish one by one first, engineering package first, after that later construction," he said.

For information, Pertamina in this project will have a majority stake of 55%. Foreign investors Saudi Aramco controlled 45 percent. This share distribution is in accordance with the agreement of both companies in the Head Of Agreement

which is signed by the end of 2016.

Cilacap refinery revitalization will increase from 358,000 bpd to 400,000 bpd, processing quality at Cilacap refinery will also grow with the standard of Nelson Complexity Index (NCI) to 9.4 increase rapidly from previously only 4.

IN INDONESIA

Proyek Cilacap Tunggu Financial Close Selesai

Financial close ditargetkan kelar 20 November, Serikat Pekerja Pertamina tolak inbreng aset

Proyek kilang minyak di Cilacap hasil kerjasama dengan Saudi Aramco hingga kini masih menemui jalan buntu. Salah satu yang mengganjal terkait financial closing proyek senilai US$ 6 miliar itu. Padahal, merujuk perjanjian pembentukan joint venture antara Pertamina dan Saudi Aramco itu diteken sejak 22 Desember 2016“ lalu.

Padahal, proyek Refinery Development Master Plan (RDMP) Cilacap ini sebenarnya menjadi ukuran untuk memodernisasi kilang Cilacap agar produksi bisa bertambah dari awalnya 358.000 bph menjadi 400.000 bph.

Deputi Bidang Usaha Energi, Logistik, Kawasan dan Pariwisata Kementerian Badan Usaha Milik Negara (BUMN), Edwin Hidayat Abdullah menyatakan, proses persiapan konstruksi pengembangan kilang itu masih sesuai dengan jadwal dan kesepakatan. Adapun penyelesaian permasalah financial yang sempat mengemuka harus diselesaikan paling lambat pada 20 November mendatang. 

"Semua permasalahan yang dibahas negosiasinya tanggal 20 November sudah harus tuntas. Itu kesepakatan bersama," kata Edwin yang juga Komisaris Pertamina.

Presiden Federasi Serikat Pekerja Pertamina Bersatu (FSPPB), Noviandli bilang, sejauh ini, FSSB tidak keberatan dengan pembentukan usaha patungan antara Pertamina dan Saudi Aramco. Hanya FSPPB tidak sepakat dengan project finance yang menyebutkan adanya inbreng aset-aset Pertamina ke perusahaan patungan itu. 

“Karena itu akan merugikan Pertamina, aset-aset RDMP yang akan dikeluarkan dari aset Pertamina yang nantinya akan menjadi aset JV,” tegasnya.

Makanya, ia minta ke direksi Pertamina untuk mengevaluasi kerjasama itu dulu. Ardhy Mokobombang, Direktur Megaproyek dan Petrokimia Pertamina menyatakan joint venture antara Pertamina dan Saudi Aramco terus berjalan. Bahkan dalam Waktu dekat Pertamina dan Saudi Aramco akan segera menandatangani Amendemen Joint Venture Development Agreement (JV DA). 

"Ini untuk penyusunan Engineering Package atau Front End Engineering Design (FEED) yang kami rencanakan dimulai pada awal tahun depan," ungkapnya

Lebih lanjut Ardhy menjeIaskan sambil melakukan berbagai persiapan konstruksi Pertamina juga masih melakukan pembebasan lahan. 

"Pembebasan lahan on going, diharapkan akhir tahun semuanya selesai," ujarnya.

Namun demikian, ia tidak bisa menjamin dimulainya konstruksi kilang untuk bisa dicapai target penyelesaian kilang di tahun 2021. 

"Kami selesaikan satu demi satu dulu, engineering package dulu, setelah itu nanti konstruksinya," katanya.

Sebagai informasi, Pertamina dalam proyek ini akan memiliki saham mayoritas 55%. Adapun investor asing yakni Saudi Aramco menguasai 45%. Pembagian saham ini sudah sesuai dengan kesepakatan kedua perusahaan yang ada dalam Head Of Agreement yang ditandatangani akhir 2016.

Jika selesai revitalisasi kilang Cilacap nantinya akan mengalami peningkatan kapasitas dari 358.000 bph menjadi 400.000 bph, kualitias pengolahan di kilang Cilacap setelah juga akan berkembang dengan standar Nelson Complexity Index  (NCI) menjadi 9,4 meningkat pesat dari sebelumnya yang hanya 4. 

Kontan, Page-14, Tuesday, October 24, 2017

Vico & Pertamina Compete Bid Sanga-Sanga Block

The Ministry of Energy and Mineral Resources (ESDM) emphasized that PT Pertamina is not necessarily the operator of the Sanga-Sanga Block in Kutai Kartanegara, East Kalimantan after the end of PT Vico Indonesia's contract next year. Moreover, there is PT Saka Energi Indonesia who also wants to be operator there because it already has 26.25% shares.

Director of Upstream Oil and Gas Business Development, Ministry of ESDM Tunggal said Pertamina was asked to make a presentation of interest in managing the Sanga Sanga Block whose contract will expire at the end of 2018.

"The program is told in detail and we want to evaluate it, for the important government we can not maintain the production," he explained, at the Office of the Ministry of Energy and Mineral Resources on Monday (23/10).

However, Tunggal asserted, Pertamina is not necessarily the operator of the Sanga Sanga Block, although it has been assigned through Ministerial Regulation No. 15/2015 on the Management of Oil and Gas Working Areas that Ends the Contract Period.

"It is not necessarily the operator, the assignment is there, we talk term and conditioning, each of us we have the presentation, because the existing one is Vico filed as well," he said.

Vico as the existing operator has also made a presentation on the desire to extend his contract in the Sanga Sanga Block.

"Depending on the evaluation team, such existing commitments, then what Pertamina's commitment is," he said.

IN INDONESIA

Vico & Pertamina Bersaing Menawar Blok Sanga-Sanga

Kementerian Energi dan Sumber Daya Mineral (ESDM) menekankan, PT Pertamina belum tentu menjadi operator di Blok Sanga-Sanga di Kutai Kartanegara, Kalimantan Timur pasca berakhirnya kontrak PT Vico Indonesia pada tahun depan. Apalagi ada PT Saka Energi Indonesia yang juga ingin menjadi operator di sana karena sudah memiliki 26,25% saham.

Direktur Pembinaan Usaha Hulu Migas, Kementerian ESDM Tunggal menyatakan, Pertamina diminta melakukan presentasi minatnya mengelola Blok Sanga Sanga yang kontraknya akan berakhir di akhir tahun 2018. 

"Programnya diceritakan detail, mau ngebor sekian. Nah itu kita evaluasi, bagi pemerintah yang penting bisa tidak kita mempertahankan produksi," terangnya, di Kantor Kementerian ESDM, Senin (23/10).

Namun, Tunggal menegaskan, Pertamina belum tentu menjadi operator Blok Sanga Sanga, meskipun telah mendapatkan penugasan melalui Peraturan Menteri Nomor 15/2015 tentang Pengelolaan Wilayah Kerja Migas Yang Berakhir Masa Kontraknya. 

"Memang belum tentu menjadi operator, penugasan memang ada, kita bicara term and conditioning, masing-masing kita suruh presentasi. Karena yang eksisting yaitu Vico mengajukan juga," ungkapnya.

Vico selaku operator eksisting juga telah melakukan presentasi atas keinginan memperpanjang kontraknya di Blok Sanga Sanga itu. 

"Tergantung tim evaluasi. Komitmen yang eksisting seperti ini, lalu komitmen Pertamina seperti apa," kata dia.

Kontan, Page-14, Tuesday, October 24, 2017

Oil and Gas Workers Union Unions Demand Revision of Oil and Gas Law Completed

The Working Unions of the Upstream Oil and Gas Upstream Business Unit (SP SKK Migas) together with the National Trade Unions Confederation encourage the completion of the revision of the Oil and Gas Law (UU). Currently the revision of this Act is still under discussion by the House of Representatives (DPR) for approximately five years.

Bambang Dwi Djanuarto, Chief of Workers Union of SKK Migas, said that the revision of the Oil and Gas Law has been in circulation for less than five years, namely from 2012 until now in 2017. The revision of the Oil and Gas Law is considered important, given the current situation of Indonesia are in a state of energy crisis.

According to him, there is no legal certainty in the context of upstream oil and gas governance to date.

"We, together with KSPN, have requested the Government and the House of Representatives to immediately complete the mandate of the Constitutional Court, namely to establish a permanent agency or entity that can carry out the exploitation of Indonesia's natural resources to manage upstream oil and gas," Bambang said in a press release received on Monday (23/10).

He said Indonesia is currently in an energy crisis, because the consumption of fuel needs (BBM) Indonesia of 1.6 million barrels per day (bpd). While crude oil production in the range of 800,000 bpd and oil refinery capacity Indonesia only 1 million bpd. This means that Indonesia must import about 1.5 million bpd of crude oil and BBM.

IN INDONESIA

SP SKK Migas Tuntut Revisi UU Migas Diselesaikan 

Serikat Pekerja Satuan Kerja Khusus Pelaksana Kegiatan Usaha Hulu Minyak dan Gas Bumi (SP SKK Migas) menggandeng Konfederasi Serikat Pekerja Nasional mendorong penyelesaian revisi Undang-undang (UU) Migas. Saat ini revisi UU ini masih dalam tahap pembahasan oleh Dewan Perwakilan Rakyat (DPR) selama kurang lebih lima tahun.

Bambang Dwi Djanuarto, Pengurus Serikat Pekerja SKK Migas, mengatakan, revisi Undang-Undang Migas sudah terkatung-katung selama kurang Iebih lima tahun, yakni dari tahun 2012 hingga sekarang tahun 2017. Revisi Undang-Undang Migas ini dinilai penting, mengingat situasi Indonesia saat ini berada dalam kondisi krisis energi.

Menurut dia, belum ada kepastian hukum dalam konteks tata kelola hulu migas hingga saat ini. 

"Kami bersama KSPN meminta Penierintah dan DPR segera menyelesaikan amanat Mahkamah Konstitusi yaitu membentuk lembaga atau badan usaha permanen yang bisa melakukan pengusahaan sumber daya alam Indonesia untuk mengelola hulu migas," jelas Bambang melalui siaran pers yang diterima, Senin (23/10).

     Ia bilang, Indonesia saat ini berada dalam krisis energi, lantaran kebutuhan konsumsi Bahan Bakar Minyak (BBM) Indonesia sebesar 1,6 juta barel per hari (bph). Sementara produksi minyak mentah di kisaran 800.000 bph dan kapasitas kilang minyak Indonesia hanya 1 juta bph. Artinya Indonesia harus mengimpor sekitar 1.5 juta bph minyak mentah dan BBM.

Kontan, Page-14, Tuesday, October 24, 2017

Govt reluctant to cut gas prices at risk of state income

A plan to cut gas prices for several sectors has been put on hold as the government is concerned about the significant decrease in state revenue such a move would result in.

Although the current administration issued a government regulation to allow lower gas prices for certain industrial sectors in January last year, Deputy Energy and Mineral Resources Minister Arcandra Tahar said the government was still studying which industries would provide the largest multiplier effect to make up for the possibility of lower state revenues from the oil and gas sector.

“We need to see which [industry] has the biggest multiplier effect. For every US$ 1 per mmbtu [million British thermal unit] of gas, how much would it contribute to non-tax revenue?” he said recently. 

“lf a reduction of $ 1 does not provide a multiplier effect, then it would mean that the state is simply subsidizing the industry” Last year, President Joko “Jokowi’ Widodo instructed his Cabinet to cut end-user gas prices to below $ 6 per mmbtu for seven industrial sectors in order to develop the downstream sector and create a significant multiplier effect in the economy.

However, only state-owned petrochemical, fertilizer and steel industries have been party to the price cut starting Jan. 1 this year, following the issuance of a decree by the Energy and Mineral Resources Ministry late last year. Meanwhile, gas prices for the four other sectors consisting of the oleochemical, glass, ceramics and rubber glove sectors - and all industries from the private sector remain in limbo.

Some have suggested that gas prices could easilybe cut if the government was willing to lower its expectations of revenues from the gas sector. The government estimates a revenue target of Rp 124.6 trillion ($9.2 billion) from the oil and gas sector in next year’s state budget. 

The government is also working to cut costs in the midstream sector to ensure lower gas prices at the plant gate. The Energy and Mineral Resources Ministry will soon issue a regulation limiting the internal rate of return to 11 percent and the margin for traders to be at 7 percent.

However, gas users from the industrial sector say that price cuts are not being made fast enough. The Forum for Natural Gas-Using Industries (FIGB) claim that the national gas price remains at about $ 9 per mmbtu. 

Moreover, the high prices have led to many factories operating at a much lower capacity, or even going bankrupt, including eight in the ceramic sector, one in the sheet glass sector and 35 in the glove and latex sectors.

The industrial sector’s sluggish operations have only made it easier and cheaper for imports of similar goods to enter the country. Jusmery Chandra from the lndonesian Ceramic Industry Association (Asaki) said gas made up 35 percent to 40 percent of production costs, and that the ‘high, prices had forced factories to operate at only 70 percent capacity.

This led to losses that factories could only burden for a short period of time, Jusmery explained. Indonesia is struggling to boost manufacturing, which has expanded at only a single digit rate for more than a decade, in contrast to that before the 1997-1998 financial crisis when it outpaced economic growth.

The Jakarta Post, Page-13, Monday, October 23, 2017