SKK Migas Accelerates Three Oil and Gas Projects

The Special Task Force for Upstream Oil and Gas Business Activities (SKK Migas) accelerated the operational schedule of the three national upstream oil and gas projects to this year at the time of mobility restrictions due to Covid-19. The three projects will increase oil production by 3,000 barrels per day and gas by 5 million cubic feet per day / MMSCFD.

SKK Migas Deputy for Operations Julius Wiratno said the three oil and gas projects were the development of the Big Bamboo Project and the construction of the Sembakung gas compressor facility by PT Pertamina EP, and the reactivation of the PHE-12 platform by PT Pertamina Hulu Energi West Madura Offshore (PHE-WMO). These three projects should only be completed next year.

Blogger Agus Purnomo in PHE-WMO

"But these projects can be completed by 2020," he said.

He explained the Big Bamboo Block Project would produce gas of 3 mmscfd. At present, the project is still in the stage of working on the engineering, procurement, and construction / EPC package and will go on stream in the third quarter of this year. While reactivation of the PHE-12 platform is an improvement activity that was skewed in 2017 ago.

This project is targeted to be realized later this year and can produce oil of 3,000 BPD. Furthermore, the Sembakung compressor project is also scheduled to be completed by the end of 2020 and will produce 2 MMSCFD of gas.

"The success in accelerating the realization of the upstream oil and gas project when the mobility restrictions in the context of Covid-19 mitigation shows the determination and enthusiasm of the upstream oil and gas people to be able to implement the program agreed in the Work Program and Budget (WP&B) 2020 optimally and efficiently," said Julius.

Julius also revealed that the Meliwis Block Project undertaken by Ophir Indonesia (Madura Offshore) will be completed and start operating this July. This project will produce a gas of 20 MMSCFD.

Dwi Soetjipto

The Head of SKK Migas, Dwi Soetjipto appreciated the innovations made by his ranks with the cooperation contract contractors (KKKS) so as to produce an acceleration of projects in the field. He continues to coordinate with KKKS to ensure that the upstream oil and gas project can run well according to schedule.

"During the Covid-19 outbreak, SKK Migas was able to accelerate the implementation of the completion of three projects," he said.

According to him, if the upstream oil and gas project can run well, there will be an increase in the production and production of oil and gas lifting. In addition, the oil and gas project is also able to move the regional economy and create jobs, especially the community around the project site.

"This is in line with the Government's focus on being able to encourage the economy to move during the Covid-19 outbreak," he added.

Dwi acknowledged the Covid-19 outbreak and the still low oil prices were a real test for efforts to realize the oil production target of 1 million BPD in 2030. One of the important keys to achieving the target was how to keep the project going well on schedule.

The success in accelerating the project was due to the successful implementation of the 2 pillars of the SKK Migas transformation, namely the Integrated Operation Center (IOC) and One Door Service Policy (ODSP).

Previously, four oil and gas projects were operating. First, the Grati Pressure Lowering Project in East Java was undertaken by Ophir Indonesia (Sampang) Pty and produced 30 MMSCFD of gas. Then, the development of the Randugunting Field by PT Pertamina Hulu Energi (PHE) Randugunting in Central Java provided additional production of 5 MMSCFD.

Furthermore, the Buntal-5 Field by Medco E&P Natuna Ltd provides additional gas production of 45 MMSCFD. Finally, Sembakung Power Plant by PT Pertamina EP with a capacity of 4 MW to support upstream oil and gas operations in the East Kalimantan region.

Blogger Agus Purnomo in Petronas Carigali Ketapang II Ltd.

In 2020, SKK Migas targets 11 upstream oil and gas projects to be onstream. Another project scheduled to operate this year is Bukit Tua Phase-3 with an estimated production of 31.5 MMSCFD by Petronas Carigali Ketapang II Ltd. planned to begin operations in the first quarter of last year.

Blogger Agus Purnomo in Petronas Carigali Ketapang II Ltd.

Furthermore, besides Meliwis, two projects will operate in the second quarter, namely the 15 MMSCFD Betung Compressor by PT Pertamina EP, Malacca Strait Phase-1 3,000 BPH by EMP Malacca Strait.

In the third quarter of 2020, there were three oil and gas projects scheduled to operate. These three projects are the 2.4 mmscfd Beauty Project by PT Sele Raya Belida, the LP-MP SKG-19 150 MMSCFD Compressor by PT Pertamina EP, and Peciko 8A 8 MMSCFD by PT Pertamina Hulu Mahakam.

Finally, the Merakes Project by ENI Indonesia is scheduled to begin production in the fourth quarter of 2020. The peak production of the Merakes Field is estimated to reach 60,305 barrels of oil equivalent per day / BOEPD. In 2020, national oil and gas lifting was set at 1.95 million BOEPD, up slightly from last year's 1.8 million boepd realization. 

the Merakes Project by ENI Indonesia

    Specifically, oil production rose to 755 thousand BPH from the realization of 746 thousand BPH, and gas to 1.19 million BOEPD from the realization of 1.06 million BOEPD.

Investor Daily, Page-10, Thursday, June 4, 2020

SKK Migas Seeks 12 Oil and Gas Projects This Year is Not Delayed

The Special Task Force for Upstream Oil and Gas Business Activities (SKK Migas) seeks to prevent 12 oil and gas projects scheduled to start production this year due to the widespread of the Corona Virus.

Dwi Soetjipto

SKK Migas Head Dwi Soetjipto said that the Covid-19 pandemic, which was followed by a call for the community to remain at home, made the oil and gas operational schedule for the project shifted from the plan. From his observation, there is one oil and gas project which has the potential to be delayed from this year's operation to next year.

"But we are trying to minimize the shift. We will inform you more fully in mid-April, "he said.

SKK Migas

SKK Migas Deputy for Operations Julius Wiratno added that the oil and gas project development has the potential to be disrupted due to a change in crew and logistics supply. Nevertheless, he will continue to conduct intensive coordination to mitigate and carry out recovery plans for the oil and gas project. In fact, several projects he said had been operating.

Blogger Agus Purnomo in SKK Migas

"Of the 12 projects in 2020, there are already four projects that are on stream (starting operations), all according to schedule. Hopefully, everything can run smoothly, "he said.

Of these four projects, three are scheduled to be operational in the first quarter of 2020, namely the Grati Pressure Lowering Project with a capacity of 30 million cubic feet per day / mmscfd by Ophir Indonesia (Sampang) Pty Ltd, Buntal-5 45 mmscfd by Medco E&P Natuna Ltd, and Sembakung Power Plant by PT Pertamina EP.

While one more project was completed earlier than planned in the second quarter, the Randu Scissors Project with an estimated production of 3 mmscfd by PT Pertamina Hulu Energi Randu Gunting. In addition, there are eight other projects planned to operate this year.

Blogger Agus Purnomo in Petronas Carigali Ketapang

In the first quarter, Bukit Tua Phase-3 with an estimated production of 31.5 mmscfd by Petronas Carigali Ketapang II Ltd is planned to start operations. Furthermore, three projects will operate in the second quarter, namely 15 mmscfd Betung Compressors by PT Pertamina EP, Malacca Strait Phase-1 3,000 bpd by EMP Malacca Strait, and Meliwis 20 mmscfd by Ophir Indonesia (Madura Offshore) Pty Ltd.

In the third quarter of 2020, there were three oil and gas projects scheduled to operate. These three projects are the 2.4 mmscfd Beauty Project by PT Sele Raya Belida, the 150 mmscfd LP-MP Compressor by PT Pertamina EP, and Peciko 8A 8 mmscfd by PT Pertamina Hulu Mahakam. Finally, the Merakes Project by ENI Indonesia is scheduled to begin production in the fourth quarter of 2020. 

ENI

At the Merakes Field, ENI plans to drill six subsea wells and build an underwater pipeline system that will be connected to the floating cricket production facilities / Jangkrik FPU in Muara Bakau Block. The peak production of the Merakes Field is estimated to reach 60,305 barrels of oil equivalent per day / boepd.

the Merakes Field

In 2020, the national oil and gas lifting is set at 1.95 million barrels of oil equivalent per day / boepd, up slightly from last year's realization of 1.8 million boepd. Specifically, oil production rose to 755 thousand BPD from the realization of 746 thousand BPD, and gas to 1.19 million boepd from the realization of 1.06 million boepd.

Investor Daily, Page-9, Friday, March 27, 2020

Worker Innovations Generate Pertamina EP Efficiency

PT Pertamina EP recorded value creation consisting of efficiency (cost-saving) and additional revenue from the creativity and innovation of company workers over the past three years totaling the US $ 566 million or equivalent to Rp 7.8 trillion (average exchange rate of Rp13,925 per US dollar on last three years) of the target of US $ 87.5 million.

Of the 1,602 innovations produced by Pertamina EP (PEP) workers in the 2017-2019 period, 98 innovations have been replicated, even five of which were patented at the Directorate General of Intellectual Property at the Ministry of Law and Human Rights. 

    Five innovations of PEP workers who have obtained patents in the Ministry of Law and Human Rights are PEP Asset 3 Jatibarang Field PC Prove Work Over Well Services (WOWS) in Indramayu, West Java in the form of Tubing Test Plug, PC Prove is just like that of PEP Asset 1 Jambi Field in Jambi in the form of an electronic data recording buffer to measure underwater well pressure, and IP Centribike from PEP Asset 5 Sangasanga Field in Kutai Kartanegara, East Kalimantan in the form of portable oil well water content analysis tools.

Then RT Prove SPE from PEP Asset 4 Tanjung Field in Tabalong Regency, South Kalimantan took the form of a pressure gauge at oil well and Prove Super Cyclone PC from PEP Asset 5 Tarakan Field in Tarakan City, North Kalimantan in the form of a sand separator in the oil production well. 

    Thanks to the innovation support of these workers, the production of a subsidiary of PT Pertamina Persero as well as a cooperation contract contractor (KKKS) under the supervision of SKK Migas in the last three years has also increased.

In 2017 oil production was 77,154 barrels per day (BOPD), rising to 79,445 BOPD in 2018, and last year to 82,213 BOPD. While gas production was 1,018 BOPD in 2017, an increase compared to 2016 which recorded 989 million standard cubic feet per day (MMSCFD), then 1,017 MMSCFD in 2018, and 959 MMSCFD in 2019.

Tutuka Ariadji, Professor of Petroleum Engineering at the Bandung Institute of Technology, said that the innovation of the patented PEP workers was encouraging news. This will motivate institutions and workers to develop further and wider forms of innovation.

"These tools are part of the surveillance (monitoring) important parameters in oil production. Surveillance is the key to success in reservoir management, "he said.

According to Tutuka, innovation affects the increase in production, increase, and also budget savings.

"Innovation needs to be linked to increased oil and gas production, optimization of field development and digitalization," he said.

Beny Lubiantara, Chair of the Opinion and Study Division of the Indonesian Petroleum Engineering Association, said true innovation is not an option but a necessity. Especially in the era of low oil prices, breakthroughs through innovation are expected to not only make the process more simple and effective but also have an impact on cost efficiency and production optimization.

"Innovation is always triggered by colleagues in the field who run production operations every day and encounter problems in the field. Many problems are challenging and encourage simple innovations that fit the needs in the field or fit for purpose, "he said.

Beny said all PEP workers' innovations are useful to reduce costs, speed up data acquisition, and reduce wellness problems.

"RT Prove SPE and PC Prove Super Cyclone are indeed relative impacts are directly related to the optimization of production," he said.

According to him, even the simplest innovation works need to be patented. This is common in international upstream oil and gas industry practices. Innovations such as the five patents supported by PEP management will increasingly trigger the enthusiasm of colleagues in the field to think and find new ideas and innovations to anticipate challenges faced in the field which are increasingly complex.

"Workers in the upstream industry must be creative, many simple things can be improved in the field, IATMI strongly encourages innovations like this, one innovation will encourage new innovations again. The oil and gas industry is very dynamic, innovation is a must ! "he said.

Pri Agung Rakhmanto, the founder of the ReforMiner Institute, added that efficiency and innovation are a continuous process. This is very good and positive to increase production.

"However, this needs to be accompanied by efficiency and standardization in the procurement system," he said.

Investor Daily, Page-9, Tuesday, March 17, 2020

Pertamina EP Will Drill 2 Wells in Papua

To support the 2020 performance target, PT Pertamina EP plans to start drilling two exploration wells in Sorong Regency, Papua, in the third quarter of 2020.

Nanang Abdul Manaf

Pertamina EP President Director Nanang Abdul Manaf said that at present his office was still in the process of acquiring land from the two wells. As for the location of Kembo-A, the company is currently taking care of a lease-to-use forest area (IPPKH) permit, because it has entered the forest area. 

    Meanwhile, for the location of Buah Merah-A until now it is still in the process of arranging a discussion with PT. HIP as the holder of the business use rights (HGU).

"The target is in the third quarter of 2020, we hope that the coronavirus problem will be finished in the second semester," he said.

In addition to the two wells, Pertamina EP will accelerate drilling of development wells to support the 2020 oil production target of 85,000 barrels per day (BPD) and natural gas 932 million standard cubic feet per day (MMscfd).

Nanang explained the plan was a company's strategy to realize production targets faster. Some drilling activities that have been carried out towards the end of last year, namely in Rantau Field, Sangasanga Field, Bunyu Field; and Subang Field.

"We also have waterflood inject wells in Jirak Village and Kusuma Arum (KUM) -Q01 exploration wells, both in South Sumatra," he explained.

Based on Pertamina EP's performance records, the oil production of a subsidiary of PT Pertamina (Persero) throughout 2017-2019 showed an upward trend in line with the increased activity in the well development of the company's development.

In 2017, oil production reached 77,154 barrels per day (bopd), rising to 79,445 bopd in 2018, and last year it increased to 82,213 bopd. Meanwhile, gas production was recorded at 1,018 boepd in 2017, an increase compared to 2016 which recorded 989 MMscfd, then 1,017 MMscfd in 2018, and 959 MMscfd in 2019 because buyers were unable to buy gas produced by the company.

Bisnis Indonesia, Page-23, Tuesday, March 10, 2020

SKK Migas Appreciates Pertamina EP Production Increase

The Special Task Force for Upstream Oil and Gas Business Activities (SKK Migas) appreciates the operation and production performance of PT Pertamina EP as a Cooperation Contract Contractor (KKKS). In the last three years, Pertamina EP (PEP) has succeeded in increasing production at a time when global oil prices are likely to fall.

SKK Migas

"That's right for PEP in 2017, 2018,2019 we challenge and fully support them, they dare to raise production targets from what was planned. And the results are indeed production inclined from the previous year, "said SKK Migas Deputy for Operations Julius Wiratno in Jakarta.

Based on data, Pertamina EP oil production throughout 2017-2019 or under the leadership of President Director Nanang Abdul Manaf continued to increase. In 2017 oil production reached 77,154 barrels per day (BOPD), rising again to 79,445 BOPD in 2018, and last year to 82,213 BOPD. 

   Whereas gas production was recorded at 1,018 BOPD in 2017, an increase compared to 2016 which recorded 989 million standard cubic feet per day (MMSCFD), then 1,017 MMSCFD in 2019, and 959 MMSCFD in 2019 because buyers did not buy gas produced by Pertamina EP.

Julius Wiratno

Julius encouraged PEP to try to reduce the natural decline rate that was natural by identifying additional resources during development and drilling on time and paying attention to work safety. SKK Migas also plays a role in approving work plans and budgets (WP and B).

"When I coordinated the WP and B discussion to carry out the main tasks and functions as the head of the work program division, I was directly involved in the technical and economic discussions of each work program and encouraged more aggressively. With PEP KKKS we help and encourage identification of development wells candidates to be drilled and increase production directly, "he said.

Julius encouraged PEP and other KKKS to be more aggressive and facilitate facilitation in approving budgets and accelerating the implementation of work programs, especially development wells. In 2017, total PEP development wells reached 58 wells, increasing again in 2018 to 92 wells and in 2019 to 106 wells. 

     While work over wells was recorded in 194 in 2017, 175 in 2018, and 215 in 2019. He assessed the constraints of PEP operations because the scattered assets and working areas from West to East of Indonesia became very complex. Not to mention the added production facilities that are old so that they need maintenance efforts that require costs as well.

"Therefore, PEP management must be more daring to implement advanced technology to increase production and conduct debottlenecking businesses and to conduct good preventive and predictive maintenance," he said.

According to Julius, in the future PEP is more willing to take risks with the implementation of technology that is already available in the market, dare to be more persistent for innovation, and operational improvisation to be more efficient. Of course, you also have to be brave enough to take risks to make massive explorations. For some old fields that still exist, it might be possible to collaborate with technology provider contractors.

"Hopefully PEP is more advanced and victorious because I see a high commitment from the PEP leadership team," he said.

Djoko Siswanto

Secretary-General of the National Energy Council (DEN) Djoko Siswanto, assesses that Pertamina must continue to work to increase oil production in its own way. It would be nice if all the suggestions and input from all stakeholders to increase oil production were also considered to be implemented.

"In the last three years, PEP production has increased from year to year. In terms of cost, I see that there is actually something that can be saved so that profits can be greater, "he said.

Investor Daily, Page-9, Monday, March 9, 2020

SKK Migas Appreciates PEP Performance

The Special Task Force for Upstream Oil and Gas Business Activities (SKK Migas) gives appreciation to PT Pertamina EP as the Contractor Cooperation Contract (KKKS). Appreciation was given because PT Pertamina EP dared to raise its performance target when global oil conditions tended to decline.

SKK Migas

SKK Migas Deputy for Operations Julius Wiratno said Pertamina EP in the three years ended was challenged to raise production targets from what had been planned. Challenges answered by PEP with satisfying work results.

"In 2017, 2018, 2019 we provide challenges and full support to those who dare to raise production targets from what is planned. And the results are indeed very satisfying there tends to increase from the previous year, "he said.

Pertamina EP

Based on Pertamina EP's performance records, Pertamina EP's oil production during 2017-2019 showed an increasing trend. For example, in 2017, oil production reached 77,154 barrel oil per day (BOPD), rising to 79,445 BOPD in 2018, and last year it was 82,213 BOPD. 

    On the other hand, gas production was recorded at 1,018 barrels of oil per day (BOPD) in 2017, an increase compared to 2016 which recorded 989 million standard cubic feet per day (MMSCFD), then 1,017 MMSCFD in 2019, and 959 MMSCFD in 2019 because buyers were unable to buy gas produced by PEP.

An increase also occurred in the development of the number of wells. In 2017 the total PEP development wells reached 58 wells, then rose to 92 wells in 2018. Furthermore, it became 106 wells in 2019. For work, wells recorded 194 in 2017, 175 in 2018, and 215 in 2019, Julius also expects KKKS to try to reduce natural numbers declined naturally by identifying additional development wells and drilled on time and paying attention to work safety.

"We continue to encourage other KKKS to be more aggressive and accelerate the implementation of work programs, especially development wells. The activity of developing development wells at Pertamina EP also showed an increase, "he said.

The Secretary-General of the National Energy Board, Djoko Siswanto, assesses that Pertamina must continue its efforts to increase oil production in its own way in addition to focusing on maintaining production trends.

"I hope that PEP can work on marginal fields by involving incentives from the government. Because, in terms of cost, I see that there is actually something that can be saved so that the profit can be greater, "said Joko.

Radar Gresik, Page-6, Monday, March 9, 2020

Pertamina EP Drilled Nine Wells

PT Pertamina EP succeeded in completing the drilling of nine development wells and has even contributed to oil production in January 2020. Pertamina EP President Director Nanang Abdul Manaf said the nine wells came from four Pertamina EP assets.

PT Pertamina EP

"Each of the wells from asset-1, asset-2, and asset-3 as well as six wells from asset 5. Some of the wells drilled at the end of December 2019 were already producing in January, he explained.

The asset-1 well, the Bentayan-Ramba Well, contributes to oil production of 20 barrels per day (BPD). Then well-pavilion-Pendopo from asset-2 with a production of 50 BPD, and one oil and gas well from asset-3, namely Cemara Timur Cemara-Jatibarang with oil production 728 BPD and gas 5 million standard cubic feet per day (mmscfd). 

    Pertamina EP also completed drilling of six wells on asset 5. The six wells are Sangatta Well with 530 BPD production, Bunyu Well (B-203) with 457 BPD production and Bunyu Well (B-204) of 207 BPD.

"Two dives of the Tanjung Una-Sangasanga Well with a production of 308 BPD and the Louise Well of 577 BPD," said Nanang.

As of January 2020, Pertamina EP oil production reached 80,925 BPD and 965 mmscfd gas. KONTAN Note, Pertamina EP projects oil production of 85,000 bopd and 932 million mmscfd of gas this year.

Kontan, Page-14, Monday, March 2, 2020

Pertamina Accelerates BPD 1 Million Oil Production Target by 2026

PT Pertamina (Persero) seeks to accelerate the increase in national oil production to 1 million Barrels Per Day (BPD) in 2026, from the initial plan of 2030.

This is to anticipate the increase in demand for crude oil after the completion of six refinery projects in 2026. 

Nicke Widyawati

    Pertamina's Director Nicke Widyawati said the Special Task Force for Upstream Oil and Gas Business Activities (SKK oil and gas) is targeting an increase in oil production to 1 million BPD. in 2030.

To achieve this target, his party will increase the number of drilling wells, conduct seismic activities to find new reserves, and applying enhanced oil recovery (EOR) technology. However, his party is now preparing an optimistic scenario of this plan, so that oil production of 1 million BPD can be realized in 2026.

"We are making an optimistic case with the EOR [1 million BPD production] in 2026. We hope," he said in a meeting with Commission VI Indonesian Parliament.

Nicke explained, the accelerated increase in oil production needs to be done because the company's oil needs will surge in 2026. This follows the targeted completion of six of the company's refinery projects that year which will boost refinery capacity from the current 1 million BPD to 2 million BPD.

"Why is it accelerated in 2026? Because the refineries we built are starting to produce, and that needs an additional supply of crude oil, " Nicke said.

Regarding EOR, according to her, Pertamina's Upstream Directorate is currently detailing technologies that can be used. It targets the EOR can be done quickly so that the results can be felt immediately. One of these EOR technologies will be used to increase oil production in the Rokan Block after the operatorship is switched to Pertamina.

"Mr. Dharmawan [Pertamina Upstream Director] and SKK oil and gas are refining the technology that we can use to accelerate additional production in upstream oil and gas," said Nicke.

Even now, Pertamina through Pertamina EP has also implemented EOR in Tanjung Field. The company has also signed a core understanding between Pertamina and Repsol for the management of the full scale, including the implementation of the Surfactant-polymer EOR.

In the Jirak and Rantau Fields, Pertamina is conducting a Surfactant chemical application study for EOR implementation in both fields. Furthermore, Pertamina is currently conducting studies in several fields, namely Jatibarang, Sukowati, and Ramba for EOR with CO2 flooding.

Pertamina also expanded the EOR activities to the oil and gas block managed by PT Pertamina Hulu Energi (PHE), namely in the Offshore North West Java Block, precisely in the Zulu Field and E-Main. In addition, in the Batang field which is operated by PHE Siak, an EOR Steam flooding pilot project will be conducted in the near future.

Acquisition of oil and gas blocks

In addition to EOR, Nicke said that the acquisition of oil and gas production blocks overseas is also the company's strategy to accelerate the achievement of 1 million BPD oil production in 2026.

"Because it is a faster and more effective way to increase production, the acquired blocks will produce," Nicke said.

Referring to Pertamina's data, the state-owned company will budget upstream oil and gas investment funds this year US $ 3.7 billion. The funds will be used to develop the upstream oil and gas business organically and inorganically. 

   For details, funds for developing the upstream oil and gas business organically or increasing oil and gas production from existing assets of US $ 3.57 billion. Meanwhile, for inorganic business development of US $ 150 million.

Pertamina Upstream Director Dharmawan H Samsu Sempat explained that the upstream oil and gas inorganic investment is the addition of oil and gas block assets. Unfortunately, he was reluctant to mention which oil and gas block the company was targeting.

Dharmawan only mentioned one of the regions that the company targeted to add assets, namely in Africa. Previously, Dharmawan H Samsu also briefly mentioned targeting oil and gas assets in the Middle East region.

The last time Pertamina took over oil and gas assets in another country was in 2017. At that time, the company acquired 64.46% shares of the French oil and gas company, Maurel and Promm. Through this acquisition, the company has oil and gas assets spread in Gabon, Nigeria, Tanzania, Namibia, Colombia, Canada, Myanmar, Italy, and other countries.

However, the main assets that have been producing are in Gabon, Nigeria, and Tanzania. In addition, in Algeria, the company has shares in the Menzel Lejmet North (MLN) Block, El Merk (EMK), and Ourhoud (OHD). Next, in Iraq, the company holds shares in West Qurna 1. Field. While in Malaysia, the company holds shares in Block K, Block Kikeh, SNR Block SK309, and Block SK311.

Investor Daily, Page-9, Thursday, Feb 27, 2020.