Government policy in the oil and gas sector is not considered attractive. Competitiveness of oil and gas investment climate in Indonesia is still less than the number of countries in the region. This corresponds to a tax policy that is less pro-oil business, licensing convoluted and inconsistent policies.
The latest policy regarding the system for gross proceeds (gross split) in lieu of cost recovery is also less attractive and requires additional incentives. In addition, the new rules do not provide certainty regarding the tax system.
Such was the summary view of the Executive Director of the Indonesian Petroleum Association (IPA) Marjolijn Wajong, Executive Director of the Institute Komaidi Reforminer Notonegoro, two members of Parliament and Dito Ganundhito Satya Yudha, as well as Spokesperson SKK Migas Taslim Z Yunus.
Meanwhile, Deputy Minister of Energy and Mineral Resources (ESDM) Arcandra Tahar said the government immediately improve national oil and gas investment climate by issuing a number of new regulations, including a follow-up scheme rules gross split and changes in government regulations.
In mid January, the government issued Decree No. 8 of 2017 Energy and Mineral Resources on the Production Sharing Contract Gross Split. Through this rule, the government changed the scheme of the production sharing contract (PSC) on new oil and gas contracts from the previous scheme which is refundable fee (cost recovery) be a scheme for gross proceeds (gross split).
So far, only one oil and gas block contract was signed using split gross scheme, namely the Offshore North West Java (ONWJ) managed by PT Pertamina Hulu Energi. The division of revenue sharing government contractors than this block is set to 32.5: 62.5 to 42.5575 for gas and oil.
Based on data from the Ministry of Finance (MoF), the realization of oil and gas lifting almost always below the budget target. In the last four years, only a year ago that realization over the target. Of oil and gas lifting target in APBN-P 2016 respectively 820 thousand barrels per day (bpd) to 1.150 million thousand barrels of oil equivalent per day (BSMP), realization reached 829 thousand bpd and 1.184 million BSMP. As for the state budget in 2017, the lifting of oil and gas respectively targeted 815 thousand bpd and 1.155 million BSMP.
On the other hand, oil and gas investment in the last four years of decline. Based on data from SKK Migas, oil and gas investment in 2013 reached US $ 20.37 billion. That figure dropped to US $ 20.33 billion in 2014, fell to US $ 15.04 billion in 2015, and fell further to US $ 12.01 billion in 2016. This year, oil and gas investment target of US $ 13 billion.
Give Certainty
Executive Director Marjolijn Wajong appreciate good faith the government to improve the investment climate by issuing a number of national oil and gas new policy, one of which Ministerial Decree No. 8/2017. However, he considers that such efforts have not sufficiently improve the competitiveness of oil and gas investments in Indonesia.
Because, said Marjolijn, policy-making tend to only pay attention to one party only, thus reducing the appeal to the other party. "Supposedly, the policy-making attention to the interests of both parties, the government and investors," he said.
Marjolijn added, the government must ensure that policies designed able to raise or at least not reduce economies of oil and gas projects that investors are interested in investing in Indonesia. if it is ignored, it is impossible the government could increase the attractiveness of Indonesia in the eyes of oil and gas investors.
He lists a number of regulations that need to be improved to boost national oil and gas investments, such as rules regarding the governance of gas, a regulation about the participating interest of 10% for local government, fiscal incentives, licensing issues, and the revised plan of oil and gas law.
"Revision of oil and gas law is very important to be resolved so that the things that are needed in order to improve oil and gas investment climate is already enshrined in the law," said Marjolijn.
Therefore, the IPA of the view that the terms of the revised draft oil and gas law should facilitate and improve the oil and gas business climate conducive to uphold the principle of respect for contracts, and supported policies that expedite the approval process. Legal certainty is also an important element to ensure the continuity of long-term investments as well as to improve the investment climate.
In the context of the policy for cooperation contract (PSC) scheme for gross proceeds (gross split), Marjolijn states, oil companies still waiting for the tax laws will be enforced. This certainty is needed to enable companies to calculate the results in accordance with project economics.
According to him, after the issuance of Minister No. 8 of 2017 concerning oil and gas contracts gross split scheme, there should be a regulation that regulates the taxation of contract this scheme. Because the Government Regulation No. 79 Year 2010 is only dealing with the taxation of PSC cost recovery. Marjolijn said it hoped the implementation of the scheme does not lower the economic split of gross oil and gas projects will be lower than in the system PSC cost recovery. Because, this time also, oil and gas investments in Indonesia less attractive when compared Iain surrounding countries.
He urged the government to review a more comprehensive scheme of gross split. Particularly, the impact of this scheme on the development of deep-sea oil and gas projects, remote, and require dewatering technology advanced stage (enhanced oil recovery / EOR). "PasaInya, this region who want targeted Indonesia in the development of oil and gas in the future," he said.
Marjolijn also asked the government to compare the economics of the project-based gross split with policies in other countries, is quite competitive. In line with Marjolijn, Executive Director of the Institute Komaidi Reforminer Notonegoro argues, although the rules split the gross positive impact on the national economic interest, the potential beilid become a disincentive to the upstream industry. Moreover, the price of oil is still low.
That's why he asked for the revision of oil and gas law is accelerated so that investors have no legal upstream more secure and solid. "In addition, housekeeping licensing is a crucial issue in the oil and gas investment. It should be responded to the government, "said Komaidi.
Meanwhile, a spokesman for Special Unit of Upstream Oil and Gas (SKK Migas) Taslim Z Yunus states, whether or not the scheme attractive gross split will be tested on the auction block oil and gas working areas in May. So far, only PT Pertamina Hulu Energi (PHE) who use this form to ONWJ that have been out of contract.
Taslim rate, gross PSC split still do not have clarity on the issue of taxation. This contract follows the tax laws currently in force. However, it is not certain who will audit the tax calculation, if the Directorate General of Taxation, BPKP, or SKK Migas.
He also admitted, the appeal of oil and gas investment Indonesia is not too good. According to statements Fraser Institute, in terms of investment climate, Indonesia is ranked 113 of 117 countries. This was primarily due to the criminalization of civil matters in the oil and gas sector. "Then in terms of the legal framework, the necessary consistency of policy," he has declared.
However, according to him, as rising crude oil prices, domestic oil and gas investment trends will improve. Taslim said SKK Oil and Gas and Mineral Resources Ministry has summoned the cooperation contract (PSC) which block its oil and gas is still under exploration.When asked if they would like to continue investments or returns to the state oil and gas blocks, mostly committed to continue its exploration.
Less Attractive
Vice Chairman of Commission VII Satya Widya Yudha argues, ranked by the World Bank's ease of doing business and ranking Fraser Institute Global Petroleum, Indonesia has improved the policy, so it is seen as an attractive country as an investment destination.
In the context of gross policy split, the plus side is to cut red tape. The contractor (PSC) will no longer require the approval of SKK Migas or government in any procurement of goods or services for the purposes of exploration and production.
In this scheme, the assets are still controlled by the state. The contractor is also required to prepare and submit a work plan and budget to SKK Migas. "SKK Migas can approve or reject the plan of work submitted by the contractor within a maximum waklu 30 working days. "It shows the state control still exist," he said.
However, investors assume that the base split adjustment (variable components and component progressive) arranged Regulation 8/2017 Minister less attractive. lnsentif required for the use of local components as well as local employment. Satya concerned, the application of purely gross split will make it difficult for local employment. Satya also criticized the split incentive correction of 5% is considered too low.
Moreover, if the contractor uses technology enhanced oil recovery (EOR), which requires a high cost. "That is why, the development of EOR requires greater incentive and the amount of correction to be split in to re-review," he said.
Satya emphasizes the need for consistency in implementing regulations in order to split the gross system more credible. "The permit system for the upstream oil and gas industry as a whole absolutely must be improved. Licensing facilities will provide certainty of upstream oil and gas business. Incentives in the form of tax exemptions exploration also needs to be given, "says Satya.
Except that, Satya reminded that the policy in the oil and gas sector should not only focus on state revenues but less attention to the issue of state sovereignty. Members of the House of Representatives Commission VII Dito Ganinduto ask the government to review Regulation 8/2017 Minister of Energy and Mineral Resources. According aspirations of the PSC, gross scheme should split only as an alternative.
For oil and gas block contract has run out and needs to be extended should be enforced gross scheme split. But if a new block and very marginal, very unattractive when using gross split, "said Dito.
From his meeting with a number of associations supporting the oil and gas industry, the new policy states Dito also minimal socialization.
Imposition of Import Duty
Meanwhile, the government has promised to improve national oil and gas investment climate by releasing a number of new regulations, including a follow-up rule 'gross scheme split and change Homework.
Deputy Minister Arcandra Tahar explained, in the Minister of Energy and Mineral Resources No. 240K / 06 / MEM / 2017 on Priority Program Drafting Legislation and Regulations ESDM Sector In 2017, there were some beleid matter of upstream oil and gas are done by the government. Some of these include the Draft Regulation on Third Amendment to Government Regulation No. 35 Year 2004 on Upstream Oil and Gas, Draft Presidential Decree on fiscal incentives for the Development of Oil and Gas in Deep Sea and Regions Frontier, and a draft regulation on simplification Granting Permissions to the Head of BKPM.
One of the points improvement Government Regulation 35/2004, Arcandra said, is a matter of duty exemption of goods when the exploration period. In this policy, the import duty exempted, but these items will become property of the state, although exploration failed to find oil and gas reserves are economical. Returns to the country is quite complicated so it takes a long time and the goods have been damaged. "Whereas the field is not commercial, goods returned to the country, need more money to give it back," he said.
To make this more equitable, it would like to set the import duty on the goods at the time of exploration. But as compensation, when it fails to find oil and gas reserves are economical, the item belongs to oil and gas companies. Accordingly, such goods can be used by companies to other oil and gas projects. "Do not necessarily belong to the state. It is the goal of fairness and justice for all, to be fair, "said Arcandra
While in Ministerial Decree No. 240, there are two points of revision of Government Regulation 35/2004. The details, setting the corresponding change to 10% participating interest and to clarify the type of production sharing contracts (production sharing contract / PSC) with a mechanism to recover operating costs (cost recovery) and the mechanisms for gross proceeds (gross split).
Other rules are the draft Presidential Decree on Fiscal lnsentif for oil and gas development in the Deep Sea and Frontier Regions. The draft regulation Simplification of Licensing aims to simplify granting permissions to the oil and gas business activities to become more simple, transparent, effective, efficient, and accountable.
Related gross contract split, in the Ministerial Regulation 8/2017 declared this contract requires the ownership of natural resources remain in the hands of the government to look surrender management control operations are in SKK Migas, as well as capital and risks are entirely borne by the contractor.
Regulation of the Minister mentions the results of the initial (base split) of oil by 57% for the state and 43% to the contractor. As for gas, the state quota of 52% and 48% contractors. In the contract finally signed, the base of this split will change based on the variable components and progressive. The variable component of which block status, location, depth, up to the amount of local content. Porgresif component consisting of oil prices and the cumulative amount of oil and gas production.
Arcandra confirms, investors who feel split obtained still less able to convey to the government. For the result after entering the variable component and progressive still open to change.
In Article 7 of Regulation 8/2017, when calculating the commercialization of the field does not reach a certain economic value. Contractors received an additional split a maximum of 5%. By contrast, in the calculation of the commercialization of the field exceeds a certain economic value, may cut the country split 5%.
Director General of Oil and Gas MEMR I Gusti Nyoman Wiratmaja previously stated, the government is optimistic that oil and gas investment, both upstream and downstream, will be better this year. In the upstream sector, improvement of investment driven by the increase in crude oil prices and improved business processes. In the downstream, increased investment triggered many infrastructure projects to be undertaken and the issuance of regulations that provide opportunities for the private sector to participate in business.
IN INDONESIAN
Kebijakan Migas Belum Atraktif
Kebijakan pemerintah di sektor minyak dan gas bumi dinilai belum atraktif. Daya saing iklim investasi migas di Indonesia masih kalah dibanding sejumlah negara di kawasan. Hal ini terkait dengan kebijakan pajak yang kurang pro bisnis migas, perizinan yang berbelit, dan inkonsistensi kebijakan.
Kebijakan terbaru menyangkut sistem bagi hasil kotor (gross split) sebagai pengganti cost recovery juga kurang menarik dan membutuhkan insentif tambahan. Selain itu, aturan baru ini tidak memberikan kepastian menyangkut sistem perpajakannya.
Demikian rangkuman pandangan Direktur Eksekutif Indonesian Petroleum Association (IPA) Marjolijn Wajong, Direktur Eksekutif Reforminer Institute Komaidi Notonegoro, dua anggota DPR Satya Yudha dan Dito Ganundhito, serta Juru Bicara SKK Migas Taslim Z Yunus.
Sementara itu, Wakil Menteri Energi dan Sumber Daya Mineral (ESDM) Arcandra Tahar menyatakan, pemerintah segera memperbaiki iklim investasi migas nasional dengan menerbitkan sejumlah peraturan baru, termasuk tindak lanjut aturan skema gross split serta perubahan peraturan pemerintah.
Pada pertengahan Januari lalu, pemerintah menerbitkan Peraturan Menteri ESDM No 8 Tahun 2017 tentang Kontrak Bagi Hasil Gross Split. Lewat aturan ini, pemerintah mengubah skema kontrak bagi hasil (PSC) pada kontrak-kontrak baru migas dari sebelumnya menggunakan skema biaya yang dapat dikembalikan (cost recovery) menjadi skema bagi hasil kotor (gross split).
Sejauh ini, baru satu blok migas yang kontraknya diteken menggunakan skema gross split, yakni Blok Offshore North West Java (ONWJ) yang dikelola PT Pertamina Hulu Energi. Pembagian bagi hasil pemerintah dibanding kontraktor blok ini ditetapkan 32,5:62,5 untuk gas dan 42.5575 untuk minyak.
Berdasarkan data Kementerian Keuangan (Kemenkeu), realisasi lifting minyak dan gas hampir selalu di bawah target APBN. Dalam empat tahun terakhir, hanya tahun lalu yang realisasinya di atas target. Dari target lifting minyak dan gas dalam APBN-P 2016 masing-masing 820 ribu barel per hari (bph) dan 1,150 juta ribu barel setara minyak per hari (bsmp), realisasinya mencapai 829 ribu bph dan 1,184 juta bsmp. Adapun dalam APBN 2017, lifting minyak dan gas masing-masing ditargetkan 815 ribu bph dan 1,155 juta bsmp.
Di sisi lain, investasi migas dalam empat tahun terakhir menurun. Berdasarkan data SKK Migas, investasi migas pada 2013 mencapai US$ 20,37 miliar. Angka itu turun menjadi US$ 20,33 miliar pada 2014, turun menjadi US$ 15,04 miliar pada 2015, dan turun lagi menjadi US$ 12,01 miliar pada 2016. Tahun ini, investasi migas ditargetkan US$ 13 miliar.
Beri Kepastian
Direktur Eksekutif Marjolijn Wajong mengapresiasi itikad baik pemerintah untuk memperbaiki iklim investasi migas nasional dengan menerbitkan sejumlah kebijakan baru, salah satunya Peraturan Menteri No. 8/2017. Namun, dia menilai upaya-upaya tersebut belum cukup memperbaiki daya saing investasi migas di Indonesia.
Sebab, kata Marjolijn, pembuatan kebijakan cenderung hanya memperhatikan satu pihak saja, sehingga mengurangi daya tarik bagi pihak lainnya. “Seharusnya, pembuatan kebijakan memperhatikan kepentingan kedua pihak, yakni pemerintah dan investor,” ujar dia.
Marjolijn menambahkan, pemerintah harus memastikan bahwa kebijakan yang dirancang mampu menaikkan atau minimal tidak mengurangi keekonomian proyek migas agar investor tertarik menanamkan modal di Indonesia. jika hal itu diabaikan, mustahil pemerintah dapat meningkatkan daya tarik Indonesia di mata investor migas.
Dia merinci sejumlah regulasi yang perlu diperbaiki untuk mendongkrak investasi migas nasional, seperti peraturan mengenai tata kelola gas, beleid soal participating interest 10% bagi pemerintah daerah, insentif fiskal, masalah perizinan, dan rencana revisi Undang-Undang Migas.
“Revisi Undang-Undang Migas sangat penting untuk segera diselesaikan supaya hal-hal yang dibutuhkan dalam rangka memperbaiki iklim investasi migas sudah termaktub dalam UU tersebut,” tegas Marjolijn.
Oleh karena itu, IPA berpandangan bahwa pokok-pokok dalam rancangan revisi UU Migas harus dapat memfasilitasi dan meningkatkan iklim usaha migas yang kondusif, menjunjung asas penghormatan kontrak, serta didukung kebijakan-kebijakan yang mempercepat proses persetujuan. Kepastian hukum juga merupakan unsur penting untuk memastikan keberlangsungan kegiatan investasi jangka panjang serta untuk memperbaiki iklim investasi.
Dalam konteks kebijakan bagi kontrak kerja sama (PSC) skema bagi hasil kotor (gross split), Marjolijn menyatakan, perusahaan migas masih menunggu kepastian peraturan perpajakan yang akan diberlakukan. Kepastian ini diperlukan agar perusahaan dapat menghitung bagi hasil yang sesuai dengan keekonomian proyek.
Menurut dia, setelah penerbitan Peraturan Menteri ESDM No 8 Tahun 2017 mengenai kontrak migas skema gross split, seharusnya ada beleid yang mengatur soal perpajakan kontrak skema ini. Pasalnya, Peraturan Pemerintah No 79 Tahun 2010 hanya mengatur perpajakan untuk PSC cost recovery. Marjolijn mengungkapkan, pihaknya berharap penerapan skema gross split tidak menurunkan keekonomian proyek migas menjadi lebih rendah dari yang ada dalam sistem PSC cost recovery. Pasalnya, saat ini pun, investasi migas di Indonesia kurang menarik jika dibandingkan negara Iain di sekitarnya.
Dia mendesak pemerintah untuk mereview lebih komprehensif skema gross split. Terutama, dampak skema ini terhadap pengembangan proyek migas laut dalam, terpencil, dan membutuhkan teknologi pengurasan tahap lanjut (enhanced oil recovery/ EOR). “PasaInya, wilayah inilah yang ingin disasar Indonesia dalam pengembangan migas ke depan,” tegasnya.
Marjolijn juga meminta pemerintah membandingkan keekonomian proyek berbasis gross split dengan kebijakan di negara-negara lain, apakah cukup kompetitif. Senada dengan Marjolijn, Direktur Eksekutif Reforminer Institute Komaidi Notonegoro berpendapat, meski aturan gross split berdampak positif bagi kepentingan ekonomi nasional, beilid tersebut berpotensi menjadi disinsentif bagi industri hulu. Apalagi harga minyak saat ini masih rendah.
Itu sebabnya, dia minta revisi UU Migas dipercepat agar investor hulu memiliki payung hukum yang lebih aman dan solid. “Selain itu, pembenahan perizinan merupakan persoalan krusial dalam investasi migas. Itu yang harus direspons pemerintah,” tutur Komaidi.
Sementara itu, Juru Bicara Satuan Kerja Khusus Pelaksana Kegiatan Usaha Hulu Minyak dan Gas Bumi (SKK Migas) Taslim Z Yunus menyatakan, menarik atau tidaknya skema gross split akan diuji pada lelang wilayah kerja blok migas pada Mei nanti. Sejauh ini baru PT Pertamina Hulu Energi (PHE) yang memakai bentuk ini untuk Blok ONWJ yang telah habis kontraknya.
Taslim menilai, PSC gross split masih belum memiliki kejelasan ihwal masalah perpajakan. Kontrak ini mengikuti peraturan perpajakan yang saat ini berlaku. Namun, belum dipastikan siapa yang akan mengaudit perhitungan pajak, apakah Direktorat Jenderal Pajak, BPKP, atau SKK Migas.
Dia pun mengakui, daya tarik investasi migas Indonesia tidak terlalu bagus. Menurut Iaporan Fraser Institute, dari sisi iklim investasi, Indonesia berada di peringkat 113 dari 117 negara. Hal itu terutama disebabkan adanya kriminalisasi masalah perdata di sektor migas. “Kemudian dari sisi legal Framework, diperlukan konsistensi kebijakan,” kataya.
Meski demikian, menurut dia, seiring naiknya harga minyak mentah, tren investasi migas nasional akan membaik. Taslim menyatakan, SKK Migas dan Kementerian ESDM telah memanggil kontraktor kontrak kerja sama (KKKS) yang blok migasnya masih tahap eksplorasi. Saat ditanya apakah mereka ingin melanjutkan investasi atau mengembalikan blok migas kepada negara, sebagian besar berkomitmen meneruskan eksplorasinya.
Kurang Atraktif
Wakil Ketua Komisi VII DPR Satya Widya Yudha berpendapat, berdasarkan peringkat kemudahan berbisnis Bank Dunia maupun peringkat Frasser Institute Global Petroleum, Indonesia menunjukkan adanya perbaikan kebijakan, sehingga dipandang sebagai negara yang menarik sebagai tujuan investasi.
Dalam konteks kebijakan gross split, sisi positifnya adalah memotong birokrasi. Para kontraktor (KKKS) tidak lagi memerlukan persetujuan SKK Migas atau pemerintah dalam setiap pengadaan barang atau jasa untuk keperluan eksplorasi dan produksi.
Dalam skema ini, aset juga masih dikuasai negara. Kontraktor juga wajib menyusun dan menyampaikan rencana kerja dan anggaran kepada SKK Migas. “SKK Migas dapat menyetujui atau menolak rencana kerja yang disampaikan oleh kontraktor dalam jangka waklu paling lama 30 hari kerja. “lni menunjukkan kontrol negara tetap ada," kata dia.
Namun, para investor menganggap bahwa base split adjustment (komponen variabel dan komponen progresif) yang diatur Peraturan Menteri ESDM 8/2017 kurang atraktif. lnsentif diperlukan bagi penggunaan komponen lokal serta penyerapan tenaga kerja lokal. Satya khawatir, penerapan gross split secara murni akan menyulitkan penyerapan tenaga kerja lokal. Satya juga mengkritik insentif koreksi split sebesar 5% yang dianggap terlalu rendah.
Terlebih lagi jika kontraktor menggunakan teknologi enhanced oil recovery (EOR) yang membutuhkan biaya tinggi. “Itu sebabnya, pengembangan EOR membutuhkan insentif lebih besar dan besaran koreksi split harus di review ulang,” ungkapnya.
Satya menekankan pula perlunya konsistensi dalam menjalankan peraturan yang berlaku agar sistem gross split lebih kredibel. “Sistem perizinan bagi industri hulu migas secara keseluruhan mutlak harus diperbaiki. Kemudahan perizinan akan memberikan kepastian bisnis sektor hulu migas. Insentif berupa pembebasan pajak eksplorasi pun perlu diberikan,” ujar Satya.
Kecuali itu, Satya mengingatkan agar kebijakan di sektor migas jangan hanya fokus pada penerimaan negara tapi kurang memperhatikan masalah kedaulatan negara. Anggota Komisi Vll DPR Dito Ganinduto meminta pemerintah mengkaji ulang Peraturan Menteri ESDM 8/2017. Sesuai aspirasi para KKKS, sebaiknya skema gross split hanya sebagai alternatif.
Untuk kontrak blok migas yang sudah habis dan perlu diperpanjang harus diberlakukan skema gross split. Tapi kalau blok baru dan sangat marginal, sangat tidak menarik jika memakai gross split," tutur Dito.
Dari pertemuannya dengan sejumlah asosiasi penunjang industri migas, Dito menyatakan kebijakan baru ini juga minim sosialisasi.
Pengenaan Bea Masuk
Sementara itu, pemerintah berjanji segera memperbaiki iklim investasi migas nasional dengan merilis sejumlah peraturan baru, termasuk tindak lanjut aturan 'skema gross split serta perubahan Pekerjaan Rumah.
Wakil Menteri ESDM Arcandra Tahar menjelaskan, dalam Keputusan Menteri ESDM Nomor 240K/06/MEM/2017 tentang Program Prioritas Penyusunan Legislasi dan Regulasi Sektor ESDM Tahun 2017, ada beberapa beleid soal hulu migas yang dikerjakan pemerintah. Beberapa di antaranya adalah Rancangan Peraturan Pemerintah tentang Perubahan Ketiga atas Peraturan Pemerintah No 35 Tahun 2004 tentang Kegiatan Usaha Hulu Minyak dan Gas Bumi, Rancangan Peraturan Presiden tentang Insentif Fiskal untuk Pengembangan Minyak dan Gas Bumi di Laut Dalam dan Daerah Frontier, dan Rancangan Peraturan Menteri tentang Penyederhanaan Pemberian Perizinan kepada Kepala BKPM.
Salah satu poin perbaikan Peraturan Pemerintah 35/2004, kata Arcandra, adalah soal pembebasan bea masuk barang saat masa eksplorasi. Dalam beleid ini, bea masuk dibebaskan, namun barang tersebut akan menjadi milik negara, walaupun eksplorasi gagal menemukan cadangan migas yang ekonomis. Pengembalian barang ke negara ini cukup rumit sehingga membutuhkan waktu lama dan barang tersebut sudah rusak. “Padahal lapangannya sudah tidak komersial, barang di kembalikan ke negara, butuh uang lagi untuk mengembalikannya,” kata dia.
Untuk membuat ini lebih adil, pihaknya ingin menetapkan bea masuk pada barang pada masa eksplorasi. Namun sebagai kompensasinya, ketika eksplorasi tidak berhasil menemukan cadangan migas yang ekonomis, barang tersebut menjadi milik perusahaan migas. Dengan demikian, barang tersebut dapat dipakai oleh perusahaan untuk proyek migas lainnya. “jangan serta-merta menjadi milik negara. Ini tujuannya fairness and justice for all, harus fair,” kata Arcandra
Sementara dalam Keputusan Menteri Nomor 240, terdapat dua poin revisi Peraturan Pemerintah 35/2004. Rinciannya, pengaturan mengenai perubahan terkait participating interest 10% serta untuk memperjelas jenis kontrak bagi hasil (production sharing contract/PSC) dengan mekanisme pengembalian biaya operasi (cost recovery) dan mekanisme bagi hasil kotor (gross split).
Peraturan lainnya adalah Rancangan Peraturan Presiden tentang lnsentif Fiskal bagi Pengembangan Migas di Laut Dalam dan Daerah Frontier. Rancangan Peraturan Menteri Penyederhanaan Pemberian Perizinan bertujuan melakukan menyederhanakan perizinan pada kegiatan usaha migas agar menjadi lebih sederhana, transparan, efektif, efisien, dan akuntabel.
Terkait kontrak gross split, dalam Peraturan Menteri 8/2017 dinyatakan kontrak ini mensyaratkan kepemilikan sumber daya alam tetap di tangan pemerintah sampai tilik penyerahan pengendalian manajemen operasional berada pada SKK Migas, serta modal dan risiko seluruhnya ditanggung kontraktor.
Peraturan Menteri ini menyebutkan bagi hasil awal (base split) minyak bumi sebesar 57% untuk negara dan 43% untuk kontraktor. Sementara untuk gas, jatah negara 52% dan kontraktor 48%. Dalam kontrak yang akhirnya diteken, base split ini akan berubah berdasarkan komponen variabel dan progresif. Komponen variabel di antaranya status blok, lokasi, kedalaman, hingga besaran tingkat kandungan dalam negeri. Komponen porgresif terdiri atas harga minyak dan jumlah kumulatif produksi migas.
Arcandra menegaskan, investor yang merasa split yang diperolehnya masih kurang dapat menyampaikan ke pemerintah. Bagi hasil setelah memasukkan komponen variabel dan progresif masih terbuka untuk diubah.
Pada pasal 7 Peraturan Menteri 8/2017, ketika perhitungan komersialisasi lapangan tidak mencapai keekonomian tertentu. kontraktor mendapat tambahan split maksimal 5%. Sebaliknya, dalam perhitungan komersialisasi lapangan melebihi keekonomian tertentu, negara boleh memotong split 5%.
Dirjen Migas Kementerian ESDM I Gusti Nyoman Wiratmaja sebelumnya menyatakan, pemerintah optimistis investasi migas, baik hulu maupun hilir, bakal lebih baik pada tahun ini. Di sektor hulu, perbaikan investasi didorong kenaikan harga minyak mentah dan perbaikan proses bisnis. Di hilir, peningkatan investasi dipicu banyaknya proyek infrastruktur yang akan dikerjakan dan diterbitkannya regulasi yang memberikan peluang bagi swasta untuk ikut berbisnis.
Investor Daily, Page-1, Monday, Feb, 27, 2017
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